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Labor safety instructions for a blacksmith using presses and hammers. Full Document

Occupational Safety and Health / Standard instructions for labor protection

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1. General safety requirements

1.1. Workers who are at least 18 years old and have completed medical training are allowed to work as a blacksmith on presses and hammers. commission, special technical training and knowledge tests passed by the enterprise commission. Permission to work independently is documented in writing in the workplace briefing log.

Before being allowed to work, a blacksmith using presses and hammers must undergo induction and on-the-job training. In the future, he is required to undergo repeated briefings at least once every 3 months, unscheduled and targeted briefings.

1.2. A blacksmith on presses and hammers must know:

• main types and principles of equipment malfunctions, ways to eliminate them;
• safe practices when performing operations;
• dangerous factors in the performance of blacksmithing;
• first aid rules.

1.3. A blacksmith on presses and hammers must observe:

• rules of internal labor regulations;
• fire safety rules;
• do not go beyond the fences of hazardous areas;
• do not touch electrical equipment and electrical wires (especially beware of bare or broken wires);
• do not repair the malfunction of electrical equipment;
• requirements for prohibiting, warning, indicative and prescriptive signs, inscriptions and signals;
• pass through the territory of the depot along the established routes;
• be extremely careful in traffic areas.

1.4. To protect against dangerous and harmful production factors, workers engaged in forging and pressing work must be provided with special clothing and safety devices in accordance with the requirements of the Standard Industry Standards for the free provision of special clothing and footwear to workers and employees, as well as other PPE.

1.5. When carrying out forging and pressing work, workers may be exposed to the following dangerous and harmful factors:

• moving parts of production equipment;
• sharp edges and roughness on the surface of workpieces, parts of equipment and tools;
• flying fragments from the working parts of the equipment in case of their possible destruction;
• increased content of harmful vapors and aerosols in the air of the working area;
• increased voltage in the electrical circuit of the equipment;
• increased noise level at the workplace when working on mechanical presses and hammers;
• increased level of electromagnetic radiation;
• elevated surface temperature of the equipment;
• increased level of brightness of light and infrared radiation;
• physical overload during the transportation of workpieces;
• fire hazard.

1.6. The blacksmith must know that if the requirements of the instructions are violated, he is liable in accordance with current legislation.

2. Safety requirements before starting work

2.1. Put on overalls and tuck them in so that they do not have loose ends and unbuttoned cuffs.

2.2. Clean work area and aisles.

2.3. Check the serviceability of the tool, fixtures, you need to require that the workplace is adequately lit.

2.4. Check the availability and serviceability of grounding of electrical equipment of presses and hammers.

2.5. Check the presence of fences and blocking devices, alarms.

2.6. Check the condition of the descaling brushes, the handle should be of such length that the worker's hands are out of the zone of the moving parts of the press or tooling.

2.7. Check the absence of defects in the tooling (cracks, chips).

3. Safety requirements during work

3.1. Work with the right tool.

3.2. A sledgehammer or hammer must be mounted on an oval-shaped handle, wedged with a metal wedge and made of hard and tough wood (dogwood, rowan, elm), the hammer head must have a smooth, always convex surface, do not use a sledgehammer or hammer with a knocked down hammer, having a crack and mounted on a handle made of soft wood.

3.3. Chisels, mandrels, smoothers and other tools should not have slanted, knocked down or riveted ends.

3.4. Use pliers that correspond to the size of the package, and the jaws correspond to its shape; the pliers’ jaws should be adjusted to the round workpiece so that they grip it at all points; To grip square workpieces, the pliers must have curved jaws; check the condition of the forging tool.

3.5. To prevent stamped blanks from getting stuck in the upper half of the die, it is necessary to provide appropriate stamping slopes and effective lubricants.

3.6. To remove lubricant combustion products from the working space of the hammers, exhaust ventilation must be provided.

3.7. On the side of the aisles, shields should be installed to protect workers from flying fragments and scale.

3.8. When forging a steel workpiece, the first blows should be light, preventing the scattering of scale.

3.9. The tool must be installed on the striker and supported while working with pliers or using the handles provided with the tool. It is necessary to ensure that the pliers' jaws do not come under the hammer's blow.

3.10. Forging of titanium alloy blanks should be done without the use of protective and lubricating coatings.

3.11. In winter, the lower part of the rod at the entrance to the hammer head must be warmed up before starting work. Heating is carried out with portable gas burners when the hammer head is in the lower position, or with a heated workpiece.

3.12. During breaks between work, with the head in the upper position, it is necessary to disconnect the hammer from the electrical and pneumatic networks.

Safety Requirements for Hot Stamping

3.13. Thermal modes of the operation, if they are not performed automatically, must be posted at the workplace and periodically monitored by technological services.

3.14. When stamping with heating, dies must be used that do not melt under the influence of the heat of the workpiece or heating device.

3.15. When stamping on sheet metal stamping hammers, the use of cast iron dies is not allowed.

3.16. When stamping with heating, installation and removal of dies and fixtures must be carried out after turning off and stopping the rotating parts of the die cooling equipment to a temperature of 40 degrees Celsius

3.17. When stamping with heating, lubricant-protective coatings on workpieces and dies that do not fly apart and release toxic substances must be used.

3.18. Mechanization and hand tools (tweezers, pliers) must be used to hold and move burning workpieces.

3.19. Do not touch hot metal, even with gloves on.

3.20. If sparks, fragments and scale fly off during operation, use safety glasses.

3.21. Do not allow outside workers to independently forge.

3.22. Don't get distracted by side conversations.

3.23. Prepare the tool for work in advance, in cases of uselessness, remove it to the designated place.

3.24. Do not scatter hot forgings and stubs around the blacksmith, do not block the passages, but put them in racks and iron boxes.

3.25. An instrument that is excessively heated by the handle is periodically cooled in a tank of water.

4. Safety requirements in emergency situations

4.1. When receiving a thermal burn: if the victim’s clothing catches fire, you must quickly throw any dense cloth over him or knock down the flame with water.

It is not allowed to run in burning clothes, as the wind, fanning the flame, will increase and intensify the burn.

4.2. When assisting the victim, in order to avoid infection, one should not touch the burned areas of the skin or lubricate with ointments, fats, oils, sprinkle with baking soda, starch. It is impossible to open bubbles, remove mastic, rosin adhering to the burnt place, because. removing them, you can easily tear off the burned skin and thereby create favorable conditions for infection of the wound.

For small area burns of the 1st and 2nd degree, you need to apply a sterile bandage to the burned area of ​​the skin and send it to honey. paragraph.

In case of extensive burns, the victim must be wrapped in a clean cloth without undressing him, cover him warmly and call an ambulance.

5. Safety requirements at the end of work

5.1. Gather hand tools and accessories, and take them to the designated (designated) place. Return the defective instrument for repair.

5.2. When the hammer is not working, the head should be in the down position, the electrical and pneumatic systems are turned off, high pressure

5.3. Place forgings and blanks in stacks, on racks or metal boxes.

5.4. Tidy up the workplace, remove cuttings, scale.

5.5. Take a shower.

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