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OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
Occupational safety instructions for a sandblaster
Occupational Safety and Health / Standard instructions for labor protection Safe Operation 1. General requirements for labor protection 1.1. Sandblasting is allowed for persons at least 18 years old who have undergone a medical examination, trained in a special program and certified by the qualification commission. 1.2. When sandblasting the surfaces (façades) of buildings, metal structures, tanks, as well as various metal parts, before applying protective coatings, silica-containing dusts harmful to human health enter the air, which, if inhaled for a long time, can cause lung disease (silicosis). 1.3. When working on a sandblaster, the sandblaster must wear a special dust-proof suit and a respirator that completely isolate him from the dusty environment. 1.4. Sandblasting the surface consists in the fact that with the help of compressed air a sand particle is given a high speed and, in contact with the surface, with its sharp edges removes dirt, rust and scale. For sandblasting, a sandblasting machine is used, in the mixing chamber of which sand is mixed with air and, under pressure up to 6 atm, is fed through hoses to the place of cleaning. 1.5. In a single-chamber sandblasting machine, the working air pressure should not exceed 3,5 - 4 atm. With an increase in working pressure, the sand, when it hits the surface to be cleaned, breaks down and turns into dust. For sandblasting, sifted river sand with grains of 0,75 - 1,5 mm is used. It is forbidden to use quartz mountain sand for sandblasting. 1.6. The sandblaster must be familiar with the safety regulations for working with pressure vessels, as well as when working at height. 1.7. The sandblaster, the compressor driver and auxiliary workers servicing the sandblasting machine, regardless of the course training and introductory briefing on labor protection, before being allowed to work and when moving from one workplace to another, must be instructed on safety directly at the workplace by the foreman or foreman. 1.8. When working in enclosed spaces with significant accumulations of dust, the sandblaster must use hose gas masks, as well as masks or spacesuits with a forced supply of fresh air, purified from oil vapors in special filters. In addition, portable fans with a hose should be installed for ventilation. 1.9. Sandblasting in enclosed spaces is allowed under the supervision of persons outside these devices. 1.10. When sandblasting facades and other surfaces at a height, sandblasters, in addition to overalls and personal protective equipment, must use safety belts, and when working from cradles, they must be attached to the loops of a safety rope. 1.11. When cleaning the facades of buildings, self-elevating and non-self-elevating cradles are used. Each cradle must have a manufacturer's passport. 1.12. The cradle can only be operated after a static load test, in which it is raised 0,5 m from the ground level, placed under it with racks and loaded with ballast, the weight of which exceeds the rated load capacity of the cradle by 25%. After loading the cradle, the racks are knocked out, and the cradle hangs with a load for 10 minutes (the test is carried out by a mechanic). Based on the results of the tests, an act must be drawn up. When installed in a new place, the cradle is tested again and an act is drawn up. 1.13. The installation of the cradle should be carried out under the supervision of a mechanic. Steel ropes to the cradle, hooks, consoles or winches must be fastened with a loop with a thimble by braiding the free end of the rope or securing it with clamps, which must be at least three. The distance between the clamps must be at least six rope diameters. The clamps must be tightened so that the ratio of the compressed diameter to its normal diameter is 0,6; it is forbidden to attach steel ropes to the cradle with a knot. The method of fastening the cradle should exclude its overturning in case of incorrect placement of the load. 1.14. The cradles should be hung on inventory consoles (metal beams). The consoles must have a thrust bearing at one end, a support pad in the middle, and an earring or rope block at the other end. 1.15. Consoles with blocks must be attached to the building structures with special bolted brackets, which exclude the possibility of their shifting. It is forbidden to fix the consoles with wire (twisting) or a cable. Consoles can also be loaded with inventory removable weights. 1.16. The consoles must rest on special linings laid on the wall or roof. It is forbidden to lean the consoles on the eaves of the building. Departure of the console beyond the plane of the wall should not exceed 1 m. 1.17. Block hangers on consoles to protect the cradle from falling in case of breakage of the block axis must be equipped with a safety bracket. The friction of the rope on the protruding parts of the facade or structure is not allowed. 1.18. The cradle must have on all sides a fence with a height of at least 1,1 m from a metal mesh or a railing with intermediate elements with an onboard board 0,15 m high. In winter, the cradle flooring should be periodically cleared of snow and ice. 1.19. Raising and lowering the self-elevating cradle with the help of manual winches installed on the cradle itself is allowed if the winches have a working double brake device with safety handles, which are a combination of the handle, ratchet device and brake. 1.20. When lifting a non-jack-up cradle with winches mounted on the ground, the winches must be firmly fixed to the frame and loaded with ballast, the weight of which should be twice the payload of the cradle. Attaching the winch to the wooden frame with staples, crutches or capercaillie is prohibited. 1.21. Winches for lifting cradles must be tested together with cradles before starting work. 1.22. The admission of unauthorized persons to the winches is prohibited, and the area for installing winches and the operation of the sandblasting machine must be fenced off with a railing or a rope. Entrance to the area where sandblasting is carried out is prohibited. 1.23. Raising and lowering cradles with people without the help of winches, as well as lifting people and working on rope loops and other handicraft devices is prohibited. 1.24. When sandblasting near electrical wires or electrical installations, the latter must be turned off or fenced. 1.25. The sandblaster must have a passport indicating the permissible working pressure, and the safety valve must be sealed. 1.26. Sandblasters, auxiliary workers engaged in sandblasting, must be provided with a room for storing clean clothes. 1.27. The employee must comply with the internal labor regulations. It is forbidden to use, as well as be at the workplace, the territory of the organization or during working hours in a state of alcoholic, narcotic or toxic intoxication. Smoking is allowed only in designated areas. 1.28. Dangerous and harmful production factors:
1.29. For non-compliance with the requirements of this instruction, the employee is liable in accordance with applicable law. 2. Labor protection requirements before starting work 2.1. Before starting work, the sandblaster must: 2.1.1. carefully inspect the cradle (railings and intermediate elements, fences) and check for cracks in the places of welding, inspect the flooring (bottom) of the cradle and make sure that there are no breakages of the boards and cracks in them, as well as slippery surfaces (ice, dirt, etc.) ; 2.1.2. at the self-elevating cradle, check the reliability of fastening winches, their serviceability and correct fastening of the rope; 2.1.3. at a non-self-lifting cradle, check the fastening of the ropes, which must be fixed to the loops of the cords; 2.1.4. inspect the hoses along their entire length and check their connections to each other and to the sandblaster. 2.2. The sandblaster, together with the foreman or foreman, must inspect the winches, check for the presence of ballast and the reliability of its fastening on the frame, make sure that the rope is strong and correctly wound on the drum, and also make sure that the consoles are securely fastened, the pulleys and hoisting ropes are in good condition. 2.3. Before starting work, the sandblaster must put on overalls and personal protective equipment (mask, respirator, helmet). 2.4. When sandblasting from the cradle, the sandblaster must put on a safety belt with a carabiner and fasten it to the loop of the safety rope suspended from the cradle consoles. 2.5. Before lifting the cradle to the working height, to check the operation of the brakes, it is necessary to make a test lift to a height of no more than 0,5 m. 2.6. It is forbidden to lift the aerial platform with a loose hose to the tie rods or the upper frame of the aerial platform. 2.7. The tool should be placed in a box or bag, which is attached to the grid (fence) of the cradle. It is forbidden to put the instrument on the bottom of the cradle. 3. Labor protection requirements during work 3.1. The lifting or lowering of the cradle with a sandblaster is carried out by minders at the winches only at the signal of the sandblaster. It is forbidden to lower the cradle with the help of brakes; the speed of descent of the cradle should not exceed 20 m/min. 3.2. When lifting (lowering) the cradle with two hand winches, the workers on the winches must accurately follow the signals given by the sandblaster and regulate the lowering of the cradle, avoiding distortions. 3.3. When lifting (lowering) the cradle with the help of manual winches installed in the cradles themselves, turn the handle of each winch in turn, adjusting the rise of the opposite side to a height of no more than 100 - 180 mm. Lifting with a skew exceeding the specified one is prohibited. 3.4. When sandblasting of metal structures or facades of buildings is carried out at a height from scaffolding, scaffolding or mobile platforms, work is allowed only after inspection by a foreman or foreman. 3.5. If faults are found in scaffolding or scaffolding, the sandblaster must stop work and report this to the foreman. It is prohibited for a sandblaster to correct scaffolding, scaffolding or fences. 3.6. In case of damage to the cradle, jamming or incorrect winding of the rope, as well as in the event of a malfunction of the engine, the sandblaster must immediately stop work, lower the cradle to the ground and inform the foreman about this. 3.7. It is not allowed to connect two cradles or hanging platforms with transitional decks, stepladders or ladders. It is forbidden to move at a height from one cradle to another. 3.8. When sandblasting m / structures inside or outside industrial workshops, depending on the height and nature of the cleaning, it is allowed to work from inventory scaffolding, inventory and retractable towers, hanging scaffolds and cradle chairs. 3.9. When working on cradles-chairs that do not have fences on all sides, the sandblaster must be fastened to the chair with a special belt. 3.10. When sandblasting m / structures at a height with the devices specified in clause 3.4 and the impossibility of installing fences, the sandblaster must work with a safety belt, the carabiner of which is fixed to reliable structures as directed by the master. 3.11. Mobile scaffolds such as towers should be installed on a level solid base, and the top of the tower should be securely fixed. During the movement of the tower, it is forbidden to be on it. 3.12. When sandblasting surfaces in closed apparatus (tanks), the work of the sandblaster must be supervised by a specially assigned worker, who must be outside the dusty zone and, if necessary, can assist him. 3.13. It is allowed to enter the tank (apparatus) where sandblasting is carried out only in protective equipment (helmet, respirator) after warning the sandblaster. 3.14. To illuminate the workplace inside the apparatus (reservoir), explosion-proof portable lamps with a voltage of not more than 12 V should be used. Conductive wires to portable lamps must be enclosed in a rubber tube. A step-down transformer, switches, circuit breakers or socket outlets must be installed outside the machine. It is forbidden to bring them into the apparatus (reservoir). 3.15. When using a respirator, you should make sure that the filtering device is in good condition, wipe it and check the fastening. Place clean gauze under the edges of the mask. 3.16. The sandblaster must be installed on a flat area without holes and bumps on the leeward side outside the dust zone. The duty worker serving the apparatus must wear a gauze bandage and goggles. 3.17. Load the chamber of the sandblaster with sifted sand and only when there is no pressure in the chamber. The air duct valves must be closed for the entire period of cleaning and loading the chamber with sand. 3.18. When sand is supplied, the pressure valve of the sandblaster should be opened gradually and only at the signal of the sandblaster. 3.19. The safety valve of the sandblaster must be adjusted to a compressed air pressure of 10% higher than the set value and sealed. It is forbidden to work at a pressure in the apparatus higher than the established one. 3.20. Nipples should be used to connect hoses to the sandblaster, compressor air receiver or air network, and to connect hoses to each other. Do not use wire to fasten hoses or connect a hose with a damaged nipple thread. 3.21. It is necessary to monitor the laying of hoses, to prevent their sharp bends and pinching by any object, intersections with ropes and welding electric cables. The hoses should be positioned in such a way that the possibility of vehicles running over them and people walking on them is excluded. If installed incorrectly, due to the high abrasion of sand, the hoses quickly become unusable. 3.22. Before starting work, the pneumatic hose leading from the sandblaster to the sandblaster's workplace is inspected and tested, which is the subject of an appropriate act. 3.23. Before connecting to the sandblaster, the hose must be blown out with compressed air, previously connected to an air collector or network, while the air stream should be directed upwards. 3.24. Connecting the hoses to the air collector or network, as well as disconnecting them, is only allowed when the air line valve is completely closed. If this rule is violated, the pressurized hose may slip out of your hands and cause injury. 3.25. When disconnecting hose joints or eliminating plugs, safety goggles with safety glasses must be worn. These works can only be carried out when there is no pressure in the hoses. 3.26. Ensure that there are no air leaks at the hose connection points; knocking wedges under the clamping collar is prohibited. 3.27. In case of breaks in work, breaks in hoses or a malfunction of the sandblaster, turn off the air by tightly closing the valve on the air collector or air line. It is forbidden to stop the air supply by breaking the hose. 3.28. It is forbidden to tighten the nuts at the joints of the hoses, repair the valves and perform other repair work during the operation of the sandblaster. 3.29. When cleaning the nozzle, checking its diameter or removing the plug, care must be taken so that the sand mixture that suddenly escapes from the nozzle does not get into the face. 3.30. When stopping work, lower the nozzle to the ground, floor, etc. only possible when the valve is closed and there is no pressure in the hose. 3.31. It is forbidden to blow out frozen hoses with steam or use hot water for this purpose. Frozen hoses should be thawed in a warm room. 3.32. Sandblasting of small-sized products is carried out in a chamber equipped with local exhaust ventilation, while the sandblaster must be outside the chamber, operating the nozzle through the working opening, and observe the process through the glazing of the chamber. 3.33. An audible or light alarm must be installed between the sandblaster and the auxiliary worker located near the sandblaster, as well as the compressor operator. 4. Labor protection requirements in emergency situations 4.1. In case of accidents and accidents, immediately take measures to provide the victims with first aid, notify the foreman (brigadier), and also ensure the safety of the situation until the arrival of the commission of investigation, if this does not pose a danger to the life and health of people. 4.2. Emergencies and accidents at work can occur for organizational, technical and other reasons, in particular due to:
5. Labor protection requirements at the end of work 5.1. After finishing work, the sandblaster must thoroughly clean the overalls and protective devices from dust and put them in storage. 5.2. It is forbidden to use compressed air to clean workwear, while directing the hose at yourself or others. 5.3. Disconnect the hose from the sandblaster and blow with compressed air to remove any remaining sand. Then the hoses should be folded into a coil and put into storage. In the cold season, hoses should be stored in a warm room. 5.4. The cradle must be lowered to the ground and cleaned of dust. It is forbidden to leave the cradle on weight. 5.5. Hand winches on the ground should have their handles removed and stored.
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