|
Arabic
Bengali
Chinese
English
French
German
Hebrew
Hindi
Italian
Japanese
Korean
Malay
Polish
Portuguese
Spanish
Turkish
Ukrainian
Vietnamese|
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
Instructions on labor protection for a flaw detectorist. Full document
Occupational Safety and Health / Standard instructions for labor protection Safe Operation 1. General requirements for labor protection 1.1. This Standard Instruction on Labor Protection for a Flaw Detector (hereinafter referred to as the Instruction) establishes the basic safety requirements for a flaw scopist at a railway carriage facility when checking car parts and assemblies using magnetic particle, ultrasonic, eddy current and ferro-probe methods of non-destructive testing. 1.2. Persons not younger than 18 years of age who, upon admission to work, have passed a mandatory preliminary medical examination, introductory and primary briefing at the workplace, initial training or advanced training (practical training), training in the requirements of this Instruction, internship and knowledge testing, as well as having a second electrical safety group. In the future, these employees undergo periodic medical examinations in the prescribed manner and are subject to periodic knowledge tests. 1.3. A flaw detectorist performing work related to slinging loads, with controlling hoisting mechanisms (electric hoists controlled from the floor), must have an appropriate certificate for the right to perform slinging work and work on controlling a hoisting mechanism. 1.4. During flaw detection, the flaw detector operator must be attentive, not be distracted by extraneous affairs and conversations. 1.5. During work, the following main dangerous and harmful production factors can affect the flaw detector operator:
1.6. The flaw detectorist must be provided with the following personal protective equipment (PPE):
In winter, it should additionally be provided with a jacket with an insulating lining. 1.7. Personal clothing and overalls must be stored separately in lockers in the dressing room. The defectoscopist is obliged to monitor the serviceability of the workwear, timely handing it over for washing and repair, and also keep the locker clean and tidy. 1.8. The flaw detectorist must have a specific workplace, located in accordance with the established technological process. For the convenience and safety of inspection of the rotation and movement of the parts to be checked, it is necessary to use special stands, racks, lifting and other devices. The flaw detector, piezoelectric transducer and auxiliary tools must be stored at the workplace in a cabinet or in a specially designated room. 1.9. The inspector must know:
1.10. The permissible weight of the load to be lifted and moved manually constantly during the work shift should not exceed: for men - 15 kg, for women - 7 kg. The mass of the load lifted and moved manually when alternating with other work (up to two times per hour) should not exceed: for men - 30 kg, for women - 10 kg. It is allowed to lift and move together manually loads weighing more than 30 kg - for men; more than 10 kg - for women. The installation of large and heavy parts during flaw detection should be carried out using lifting and transport mechanisms. 1.11. The defectoscopist must:
1.12. The defectoscopist is prohibited from:
1.13. The flaw detector operator must comply with the following fire safety requirements:
1.14. Eating should only be in canteens, buffets or specially designated rooms with appropriate equipment. Before eating, wash your hands thoroughly with warm water and soap. 1.15. The defectoscopist is obliged to observe the following safety measures while on the railway tracks (hereinafter referred to as the tracks):
1.16. When entering the track from a room or buildings that impair the visibility of the track, you must first make sure that there is no moving rolling stock. 1.17. In case of injury or illness, the flaw detector operator must stop work, notify the work manager and seek help from the first-aid post. 1.18. Upon detection of violations of this Instruction, as well as malfunctions of equipment, tools, protective devices, fire extinguishing PPE, the flaw detector operator is obliged to immediately inform his foreman (foreman) about this, and in his absence to a higher manager. 1.19. The knowledge and fulfillment of the requirements of this Manual by the flaw detector is an official duty, and their violation entails liability in accordance with the law. 2. Labor protection requirements before starting work 2.1. The defectoscopist is prohibited from starting work without PPE and installed protective fencing of the workplace. 2.2. The flaw detectorist must check dielectric gloves, galoshes, rubber dielectric carpets for mechanical damage, dielectric gloves and galoshes additionally check for the presence of an inspection stamp. 2.3. The defectoscopist is obliged to check the availability and serviceability of tools (magnifying glass, portable lamp with a voltage of 36 V, scraper, tape measure and ruler of a metal, metal brush or scraper, sanding paper, mirror, consumables, cleaning materials, crayons or paint), measuring instruments, control samples. Defective measuring devices must be replaced with serviceable ones. 2.4. The flaw detectorist must first inspect the workplace, make sure that there are no foreign objects. 2.5. External inspection of the flaw detector should be carried out with the mains voltage disconnected. It is necessary to check the serviceability of the flaw detector, visually check the integrity and reliability of the connection of the grounding device to the body of the flaw detector, the serviceability of the connecting wires, plug and coils. It is necessary to check the connection of the grounding device, the serviceability of the moving parts (sliding poles, hinges, mechanisms for turning and fixing parts). 2.6. Before turning on the flaw detector, make sure that the controls are in their original position. Turning on the flaw detector, you should check the readings of all devices for compliance with the data specified in the technical documentation for the flaw detector. It is forbidden to use a flaw detector for control with indications that do not correspond to the technical documentation. 2.7. It is forbidden to use a flaw detector with a broken or damaged body, damaged insulation of coils and individual conductive elements, as well as connecting wires and mains switches. The flaw detector operator must be careful when working with a portable flaw detector, in which the insulation of current-carrying circuits is damaged more often than in stationary installations. The flaw detector operator must immediately notify the foreman of all faults detected during inspection or during operation, having previously stopped working with the faulty flaw detector. 3. Labor protection requirements during work 3.1. When working with a flaw detector, you should use the manual for its operation. 3.2. When working with a flaw detector, a flaw detector operator is prohibited from touching current-carrying parts and an electro-pneumatic drive, as well as moving and rotating parts. 3.3. During operation, the flaw detector should not be subjected to sharp shocks and shocks. 3.4. When transferring the flaw detector to a new workplace, it is not allowed to hang and drag wires along the floor. 3.5. Prior to flaw detection, the parts must be fixed. Special care must be taken when flaw detection of a rotating wheelset. 3.6. Before carrying out flaw detection, all parts are subject to mandatory washing and cleaning from dirt, paint and rust to the base metal. The flaw detector should clean the parts from contamination while wearing protective goggles. 3.7. When working with a flaw detector, portable electric lamps with a supply voltage of not more than 36 V should be used. 3.9. When working with a flaw detector, it is necessary to ensure that there is no tension on the network and connecting wires, and that there are no collisions with a wheel pair or a vehicle. 3.10. If an electric current is felt when touching the body of the device, work should be stopped immediately, the flaw detector should be disconnected from the mains and inform the site foreman. 3.11. When flaw detection of a railway tank car with lifting onto it, work should be carried out in two persons: one flaw detector operator works with a sensor on the tank car, the other takes readings from the device on the ground. 3.12. When climbing onto the rolling stock and descending from it, the flaw detector operator must use ladders made of aluminum alloys or wooden ones. 3.13. At the end of the work, the flaw detector must be disconnected from the mains. The portable flaw detector must be disconnected from the switchboard so that the wires do not remain energized. It is forbidden to leave the flaw detector connected to the network unsupervised. 3.14. Maintenance and inspection of the flaw detector should be carried out only when the mains voltage is switched off. 3.15. Safety requirements for magnetic particle testing 3.15.1. During magnetic particle testing, the flaw detector can be affected by the following hazardous and harmful production factors: an increased level of electromagnetic radiation and an increased magnetic field strength. These factors may occur in the magnetization zone of the controlled part by electromagnets. 3.15.2. Work with the flaw detector should be carried out in dielectric gloves and dielectric galoshes, standing on a dielectric mat. 3.15.3. When working with a flaw detector, the hands of the flaw detector must be at a distance of at least 30 cm from the electromagnet, and the body - at least 50 cm. It is forbidden to put your hands into the ring of the electromagnet. 3.15.4. The magnetizing device must be turned on during the pouring of parts with magnetic suspension and its runoff and when examining the distribution of the mixture on the surface being examined. At all other times, the flaw detector must be turned off. 3.15.5. If the magnetic suspension is spilled on the floor, fill the flooded area with sawdust (sand), collect it with a scoop and put it in a special container. 3.15.6. It is necessary to store dry magnetic powder in hermetically sealed vessels, concentrates and pastes - in their original packaging and under conditions that comply with the requirements of the magnetic powder operating instructions. 3.15.7. When carrying out preparatory or auxiliary work, the flaw detector or magnetizing device must be disconnected from the mains, except for the installation of the MDU-KPV type, which operates in semi-automatic mode. 3.15.8. It is forbidden to open and close the solenoid when the flaw detector switch is on. 3.16. Safety requirements for ultrasonic testing 3.16.1. During ultrasonic testing, a flaw detector operator may be exposed to a dangerous harmful production factor: an increased level of ultrasound. This factor can occur in the zone of ultrasound passage in the controlled part and in the zone of contact between the finder and fingers. 3.16.2. Work on the flaw detector should be carried out in combined gloves. It is forbidden to touch the controlled part during the excitation of ultrasound in it. 3.16.3. During the inspection of the ultrasonic unit, the following are checked:
3.16.4. When carrying out the control, it is necessary to avoid tightening the clothes between the rotating wheel and the rollers of the wheel pair rotation drive. In order to avoid accidentally getting the legs or clothing of the flaw detectorist between the rotating drive rollers, the rotation drive should be turned off immediately after the end of the inspection of the wheel set. 3.16.5. The flaw detector and the necessary accessories should be placed based on specific conditions that ensure safe testing. 3.16.6. When pressing the pneumatic valve handles, make sure that the brake pads are pressed against the rollers of the wheelset rotation drive. 3.16.7. Any work on inspection, maintenance and repair of the ultrasonic flaw detector should be carried out after disconnecting the unit from the electrical and pneumatic networks. Signs with the inscription "Do not turn on. Repair" must be posted on the control panel and on the disconnecting valve of the pneumatic network. 3.17. Safety requirements for fluxgate and eddy current testing 3.17.1. Before work, it is necessary to check the operability of the magnetizing device, the electrical part, the pneumatic drive, the correct connection of the electromagnets (polarity), then make a test magnetization of the product. 3.17.2. When preparing portable magnetizing devices, check the reliability of attachment of the components to each other and the presence of supply voltage by pressing the "Control" button. 3.17.3. When working with a magnetizing device of the MSN-11 and MSN-12 types, the flaw detector operator must comply with the following safety requirement: to prevent accidental mutual magnetization of the poles of the magnetizing installations in order to avoid injuries to the eyes and fingers. It is necessary to control the supply voltage of the device and maintain a constant value of the magnetizing current. 3.17.4. It is not allowed to operate the converter with the protective cap removed. 3.17.5. It is forbidden to connect flux-gate and eddy-current inspection flaw detectors to the 220 V electrical network through an autotransformer, resistor or potentiometer, except for a DF-1 type flaw detector. 3.17.6. The replacement of the batteries (accumulator battery) of the flaw detector at the setup stage should be carried out with the power supply turned off. 4. Labor protection requirements in emergency situations 4.1. When working on a flaw detector, the following emergencies may occur:
4.2. In the event of an emergency, the flaw detector operator is obliged to stop work, immediately report the incident to the foreman (foreman) and then follow his instructions to prevent accidents or eliminate the emergency. 4.3. On a signal, nearby employees are obliged to immediately come to the scene and take part in providing first aid to the victim and eliminating the emergency situation that has arisen. 4.4. When eliminating an emergency, it is necessary to act in accordance with the emergency response plan. 4.5. In case of fire, you should:
4.6. Actions of the defectoscopist to provide first aid to the injured 4.6.1. electrical injury In case of electric shock, first of all, it is necessary to stop the current (turn off the voltage, cut the wire), while observing safety measures and not touching the victim with bare hands while he is under the influence of current. In the event of a high-voltage current or lightning strike, the victim, despite the absence of signs of life, should immediately do artificial respiration and at the same time heart massage. Artificial respiration and heart massage are done until natural breathing is restored, or until the arrival of a doctor. After the victim regains consciousness, it is necessary to apply a sterile bandage to the place of the electric burn and take measures to eliminate mechanical damage (bruises, fractures) that may occur during a fall. The victim of electrical injury, regardless of his state of health and the absence of complaints, should be sent to a medical institution. 4.6.2. Mechanical injury When receiving a mechanical injury, it is necessary to stop the bleeding, treat the wound with hydrogen peroxide, and apply a bandage. If a tourniquet is applied, it is necessary to record the time of its application. The tourniquet can be left on for two hours in the warm season, and in the cold - one hour. In case of fractures, it is necessary to apply a splint that fixes the immobility of the damaged parts of the body. To do this, you can use boards and a bandage. With open fractures, it is necessary to bandage the wound before applying the splint. When sprained, apply a pressure bandage and a cold compress to the sprain. In case of dislocations, the limb is immobilized in the position it took after the injury, a cold compress is applied to the joint area. With all types of mechanical injuries, the victim must be taken to a medical facility. 4.6.3. Thermal burns For first-degree burns (only redness and slight swelling of the skin are observed), the burned area should be moistened with a strong solution of potassium permanganate. For second-degree burns (fluid-filled blisters form), a sterile dressing should be applied to the burnt area. It is forbidden to lubricate the burned area with fat and ointments, open or pierce blisters. In case of severe burns, a sterile bandage should be applied to the burned area and the victim should be immediately sent to a medical facility. Do not lubricate the burnt place with fat or ointments, tear off parts of clothing that are burnt to the skin. The burnt person must be given plenty of hot tea. 4.6.4. Acid and alkali burns In case of acid burns, the burned area of the body should be washed with a weak solution of baking soda. In the absence of drinking soda, it is necessary to pour plenty of clean water on the burnt body. In case of burns with caustic alkalis, the burnt area of the body should be washed with water acidified with acetic or citric acid, or washed with clean water, abundantly watering the burned area. Apply an antiseptic dressing to the burned area of the body and send the victim to a medical facility. 4.6.5. Poisoning In case of poisoning with poor-quality food products, it is necessary to induce artificial vomiting in the victim and rinse the stomach, allowing him to drink a large amount (up to 6-10 glasses) of warm water, tinted with potassium permanganate, or a weak solution of baking soda. After that, give milk and give 1-2 tablets of activated charcoal to drink. In case of acid poisoning, it is necessary to thoroughly rinse the stomach with water and give the victim enveloping agents: milk, raw eggs. In case of gas poisoning, the victim must be taken out of the room to fresh air or a draft should be arranged in the room by opening windows and doors. When breathing and cardiac activity stop, it is necessary to start artificial respiration and heart massage. In all cases of poisoning, the victim must be sent to a medical facility. 4.6.6. Eye injury In case of eye injuries with sharp or piercing objects, as well as eye injuries with severe bruises, the victim should be urgently sent to a medical institution. Objects that get into the eyes should not be removed from the eye, so as not to further damage it. A sterile bandage should be applied to the eye. If dust or powder gets into the eyes, rinse them with a gentle stream of running water. In case of chemical burns, it is necessary to open the eyelids and rinse the eyes abundantly for 10-15 minutes with a weak stream of running water, after which the victim should be sent to a medical facility. In case of eye burns with hot water, steam, eye rinsing is not recommended. The eyes are covered with a sterile bandage and the victim is sent to a medical facility. 5. Labor protection requirements at the end of work 5.1. Upon completion of work, the flaw detector operator must:
Contaminated and defective clothes, if necessary, the flaw detectorist must hand over for washing, dry cleaning or repair. 5.2. To clean the skin from industrial pollution at the end of the working day, it is necessary to use protective and washing pastes and ointments that combine the properties of protective and detergents. To maintain the skin in good condition after work, you should use various indifferent ointments and creams (boric vaseline, lanolin cream, and others). It is not allowed to use kerosene or other toxic petroleum products to clean the skin and personal protective equipment. 5.3. At the end of the work, the workplace should be put in order, the tools and fixtures should be cleaned and put away. 5.4. About all violations of the technological process, malfunctions and defects noticed during operation and about the measures taken to eliminate them, the flaw detectorist must report to the foreman or responsible person. 5.5. At the end of the work, it is recommended to take physioprophylactic procedures as prescribed by the doctor. After working with a magnetic flaw detector, the following procedures are recommended:
After working with an ultrasonic flaw detector, quartz baths and UHF therapy are recommended.
▪ Manual processing of metal. Standard instruction on labor protection ▪ Working on a grinder. Standard instruction on labor protection ▪ Service of steam boilers on gaseous fuel. Standard instruction on labor protection
Artificial leather for touch emulation
15.04.2024 Petgugu Global cat litter
15.04.2024 The attractiveness of caring men
14.04.2024
▪ Multi-protocol wireless microcontrollers STM32WB55 ▪ The quality of raw meat will be determined by x-ray ▪ Leisure time has a detrimental effect on a person
▪ site section Lightning protection. Article selection ▪ article Separate the tares from the wheat. Popular expression ▪ article Are locusts dangerous? Detailed answer ▪ article Goatbeard meadow. Legends, cultivation, methods of application ▪ article Piercing with a steel needle. Focus Secret
Home page | Library | Articles | Website map | Site Reviews
www.diagram.com.ua |
We recommend interesting articles Section 
See other articles Section 
Latest news of science and technology, new electronics:
All languages of this page