Instructions for labor protection on fire safety in administrative premises

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OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
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Instructions on labor protection on fire safety in administrative premises. Full document

Occupational Safety and Health

Occupational Safety and Health / Standard instructions for labor protection

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Fire safety measures

This instruction has been developed on the basis of the "Fire Safety Rules".

The heads and officials of organizations, persons duly appointed responsible for ensuring fire safety must ensure the timely implementation of fire safety requirements, orders, resolutions and other legal requirements of state fire inspectors, as well as inspection of the premises before closing at the end of the working day.

Employees of the organization must comply with fire safety requirements, observe and maintain the fire regime, take precautions when using electrical appliances, chemicals, working with flammable (flammable liquids) and combustible (CL) liquids, other fire-hazardous substances, materials and equipment, and in the event of a fire, report it to the fire department and take all possible measures to save people, property and extinguish the fire.

In each room, signs should be posted in a conspicuous place indicating the person responsible for the fire condition and telephone numbers for reporting a fire.

Employees of the organization should be allowed to work only after passing the fire safety briefing, and if the specifics of work change, they should undergo additional training on preventing and extinguishing possible fires in the manner prescribed by the head. Re-briefing should be carried out at least once every six months.

When inspecting the premises before closing, check the following: electrical equipment and electrical appliances are turned off, windows and vents are closed, evacuation passages are free, waste and debris are removed from the premises, there are no malfunctions (damages) in automatic devices of fire detection and extinguishing systems, doors are locked. Identified violations must be eliminated.

The rules for the use of open fire in the premises, the permissibility of smoking, the determination of the places and the permissible amount of fire hazardous substances and materials present in the premises at a time, the definition of the category of explosion and fire hazard, as well as the class of the zone according to the rules for the installation of electrical installations, are established by the organization's administrative documents.

In rooms with one emergency exit, simultaneous stay of 50 or more people is not allowed.

Doors on escape routes should open freely and in the direction of exit from the building. Locks on the doors of emergency exits should provide people inside the building with the ability to freely open the locks from the inside without a key.

Door locks must be in good working order. It is not allowed to install any devices that prevent the normal closing of fire or smoke doors.

Escape routes and exits, including walkways, corridors, vestibules, galleries, elevator lobbies, landings, flights of stairs, doors, escape hatches, doors and hatches on balconies and loggias, transitions to adjacent sections, exits to external escape stairs, approaches to internal fire hydrants, fire extinguishers must be constantly free.

Fire-fighting systems of automatic fire extinguishing, smoke removal, automatic fire alarms, primary fire extinguishing equipment, fire doors and devices for their self-closing must be kept in good condition at all times.

Premises, buildings and structures must be provided with primary fire extinguishing equipment in accordance with the regulations, which must be kept in good condition and in accordance with their passport data.

Sprinkler (drencher) sprinklers in places where there is a risk of mechanical damage must be protected by reliable fences that do not affect the spread of heat and do not change the irrigation map.

It is not allowed to install plugs and plugs instead of opened and faulty sprinklers.

Carpets, rugs and other floor coverings must be securely fastened to the floor.

Electrical installations, household electrical appliances in rooms in which there are no on-duty personnel at the end of working hours must be de-energized, with the exception of emergency lighting, fire extinguishing installations and fire water supply, fire and fire alarms. Other electrical installations and electrical products may remain energized if this is due to their functional purpose and (or) provided for by the requirements of the operating instructions.

Electrical energy receivers (electrical receivers and electrical appliances) must be operated under conditions that meet the requirements of the instructions of manufacturers.

The use of electrical household and electric heating appliances is allowed only after registration in accordance with the established procedure of a permit for their operation.

If a malfunction of electrical equipment is detected, it must be disconnected from the electrical network and measures must be taken to eliminate the malfunction.

Holes at the intersection of electrical wires and cables (laid for the first time or replacing existing ones) with fire barriers in buildings and structures must be sealed with fire-resistant material before the power supply is turned on.

Three-dimensional self-luminous fire safety signs with autonomous power supply and from the mains, used on evacuation routes (including light indicators "Escape (emergency) exit", "Escape door"), must always be in good working order and switched on.

Design, installation, operation of electrical networks, electrical installations and electrical products, as well as control over their technical condition must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of regulatory documents for the electric power industry.

Changing space-planning solutions, the functional purpose of premises, installing new technological equipment, making changes to engineering systems should be carried out in accordance with current regulatory documents on the basis of design decisions agreed with supervisory authorities, and carried out by organizations that have licenses for this type of work.

When renting premises, tenants must comply with the fire safety requirements of the standards for this type of building.

Violations of fire-retardant coatings (plaster, special paints, varnishes, coatings, etc.) of building structures, combustible finishing and heat-insulating materials, metal supports of equipment must be immediately eliminated.

Premises must be cleaned of combustible waste, garbage, etc. in a timely manner. Waste and garbage should be collected in special containers or bins and taken out daily to a special waste collection site.

Carrying out fire hazardous work (painting, gas-electric welding, work with adhesives, mastics, flammable and combustible liquids, polymeric and other combustible materials, etc.) must be agreed in accordance with the established procedure with the State Fire Service with the issuance of a work permit. Responsibility for their implementation rests with the administration of the unit where the specified work is carried out.

In the buildings and premises of the organization it is prohibited:

storage and use in basements and basement floors of flammable liquids and combustible liquids, explosives, gas cylinders, goods in aerosol packaging, celluloid and other explosive and flammable substances and materials, except as specified in current regulatory documents;
use technical floors, ventilation chambers and other technical premises for organizing production sites, workshops, as well as storing products, equipment, furniture and other items;
place pantries, kiosks, stalls, etc. in elevator lobbies;
arrange warehouses for combustible materials, place other utility rooms in basements and basement floors, if the entrance to them is not isolated from common staircases;
remove the doors of evacuation exits provided by the project from floor corridors, halls, foyers, vestibules and stairwells, and other doors that prevent the spread of dangerous fire factors along evacuation routes;
to make changes in space-planning decisions, as a result of which the conditions for the safe evacuation of people worsen, access to fire extinguishers, fire hydrants and other fire safety equipment is limited, or the coverage area of automatic fire protection systems (automatic fire alarm, stationary automatic fire extinguishing system, smoke exhaust system, warning and evacuation management). Reducing the coverage area of an automatic fire alarm or automatic fire extinguishing installation as a result of redevelopment is allowed only with additional protection of the volumes of premises excluded from the coverage area of the above automatic installations by individual fire detectors or modular fire extinguishing installations, respectively;
to clean the premises and wash clothes using gasoline, kerosene and other flammable and combustible liquids;
thaw frozen pipes with blowtorches and other methods using open fire;
install blind bars on windows and pits near basement windows, except for cases specifically stipulated in the norms and rules approved in the prescribed manner;
glaze balconies, loggias and galleries leading to smoke-free stairwells;
arrange pantries (closets) in staircases and floor corridors, as well as store things, furniture and other combustible materials under flights of stairs and on landings. Under flights of stairs on the first and basement floors, it is allowed to arrange only rooms for central heating control units, water metering units and switchboards, fenced off with partitions made of non-combustible materials;
install additional doors or change the direction of door opening (in derogation from the project) from the apartments to the common corridor (to the landing of the staircase), if this prevents the free evacuation of people or worsens the conditions for evacuation from neighboring apartments;
arrange mezzanines, desks and other built-in premises made of combustible and slow-burning materials and sheet metal in the production and storage premises of buildings;
clutter up evacuation routes and exits with various materials and objects, furniture, equipment, waste, as well as clog the doors of evacuation exits;
arrange dryers and hangers for clothes, wardrobes in the vestibules of exits, as well as store (including temporarily) inventory and materials;
arrange thresholds on evacuation routes (with the exception of thresholds in doorways), revolving doors and turnstiles, as well as other devices that prevent the free evacuation of people;
use combustible materials for finishing, cladding and painting walls and ceilings, as well as steps and landings on escape routes;
fix self-closing doors of stairwells, corridors, halls and vestibules in the open position (if automatic devices that are triggered in case of fire are not used for these purposes), and also remove them;
glaze or close the blinds of air zones in non-smoky stairwells;
replace reinforced glass with conventional glass in the glazing of doors and transoms;
operate electrical appliances and equipment that have malfunctions that, in accordance with the operating instructions, can lead to a fire;
operate electrical wires and cables with damaged or lost insulation properties;
use damaged sockets, knife switches, switches and other electrical installation products;
wrap electric lamps and lamps with paper, cloth and other combustible materials, as well as operate lamps with caps (diffusers) removed, provided for by the design of the lamp;
use electric irons, electric stoves, electric kettles and other electric heaters that do not have thermal protection devices, without stands made of non-combustible heat-insulating materials that exclude the risk of fire;
use non-standard (home-made) electric heaters, use non-calibrated fuse-links or other home-made overload and short circuit protection devices;
place (storage) combustible (including flammable) substances and materials near electrical boards, electric motors and starting equipment.
operate electric heaters in the absence or malfunction of the thermostats provided for by the design.
leave the doors of the ventilation chambers open;
close exhaust ducts, openings and ventilation grilles;
burn out accumulated fat deposits, dust and other combustible substances in the air ducts;
smoke indoors and in other places not defined in accordance with the established procedure and not equipped for this.

Upon detection of a fire or signs of burning (smoke, burning smell, temperature rise, etc.), each employee must:

inform the fire brigade by phone _____________ (at the same time, it is necessary to indicate the address of the object, the place of the fire, your last name and other information necessary for the fire brigade dispatcher);
report a fire by calling _____________ to the duty officer in the building;
notify the heads of the organization about the fire;
take, if possible, measures to alert and evacuate people from the danger zone; fire extinguishing with the use of available means and the safety of material assets. Start extinguishing the fire only if there is no obvious threat to life and it is possible to leave the dangerous place at any time during the extinguishing of the fire.

Heads and officials of organizations, persons appointed responsible for ensuring fire safety, upon arrival at the fire site, must:

report a fire to the fire brigade, notify the management and duty services of the facility;
in the event of a threat to people's lives, immediately organize their rescue, using the available forces and means for this;
check the activation of automatic fire protection systems (notifying people about a fire, fire extinguishing, smoke protection);
if necessary, turn off the electricity (with the exception of fire protection systems), stop the operation of transporting devices, units, apparatuses, shut off raw materials, gas, steam and water communications, stop the operation of ventilation systems in emergency and adjacent premises, take other measures to prevent the development fire and smoke in the premises of the building;
stop all work in the building (if it is permissible according to the technological process of production), except for work related to fire extinguishing measures;
remove all employees who are not involved in fire extinguishing outside the danger zone;
to carry out general guidance on fire extinguishing (taking into account the specific features of the facility) before the arrival of the fire department;
ensure compliance with safety requirements by employees participating in fire extinguishing;
simultaneously with extinguishing the fire, organize the evacuation and protection of material assets;
organize a meeting of fire departments and assist in choosing the shortest path to get to the fire;
inform the fire departments involved in extinguishing fires and conducting related emergency rescue operations with information about hazardous (explosive), explosive, highly toxic substances processed or stored at the facility, necessary to ensure the safety of personnel.

Upon the arrival of the fire department, the head of the organization (or a person replacing him) informs the head of the fire extinguishing about the design and technological features of the facility, adjacent buildings and structures, the quantity and fire hazard properties of the stored and used substances, materials, products and other information necessary for the successful elimination of the fire , and also organizes the attraction of the forces and means of the object to the implementation of the necessary measures related to the elimination of the fire and the prevention of its development.

Use of primary fire fighting equipment

In the case of using an internal fire faucet, it is necessary to open the lid of the cabinet, unwind the fire hose and lay it to the place of fire without bends, open the faucet valve, turn on the booster pumps with the button in the fire cabinet cabinet.

When using carbon dioxide fire extinguishers (OU-2, OU-3, OU-5), it is necessary to direct the socket into the fire, pull out the pin, press the trigger lever to the handle. When working, touching the socket is not allowed.

When using powder fire extinguishers (OP-3, OPU-5, OPU-8, OP-8), it is necessary to pull out the safety pin, press the trigger lever to the handle, direct the spray valve into the fire.

Before using the fire extinguisher, read the instructions affixed to the fire extinguisher body.

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