Instruction on labor protection for an employee of a shop car

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Instructions on labor protection for the worker of the store car. Full Document

Occupational Safety and Health

Occupational Safety and Health / Standard instructions for labor protection

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1. General safety requirements

1.1. This Standard Instruction on Labor Protection for Employees of Shop Cars (hereinafter referred to as the Instruction) establishes labor safety requirements for sellers, storekeepers and forwarders (hereinafter referred to as employees) serving shopping cars and delivery cars (hereinafter referred to as shopping cars).

Safety requirements, taking into account local peculiarities of working conditions, may be determined by instructions approved by the Road Workers Supply Center (Service) in agreement with the trade union organization.

1.2. Persons at least 18 years of age who, upon admission to work, have undergone a preliminary medical examination, introductory and primary briefing at the workplace, training, internship and knowledge testing, are allowed to work on maintenance of shop cars.

Employees of wagons-shops in the process of work must undergo:

repeated briefings at least once every three months;
unscheduled briefings;
targeted briefings before going on a flight;
periodic knowledge check;
periodic medical examinations.

Employees using electrical equipment must pass a knowledge test in the scope of Group I on electrical safety.

1.3. Employees who are in direct contact with food, utensils, production tools and equipment must undergo hygienic training according to the established program and pass the test once a year.

1.4. The results of medical examinations must be recorded in a personal medical book, which is kept by the administration of the enterprise and is handed out at the departure of the shopping car for a voyage.

Each seller of a wagon-shop must have with him and present at the request of officials of the sanitary and epidemiological supervision bodies in railway transport a personal medical book.

Persons who have not undergone hygienic training and timely medical examination are not allowed to work.

1.5. Persons with diseases (who are carriers) are not allowed to work and are subject to temporary suspension from work until they are completely cured:

typhoid, paratyphoid, salmonellosis, dysentery;
hymenolepiasis, enterobiasis;
syphilis about all forms;
leprosy;
infectious skin diseases: scabies, trichophytosis, microsporia, scab, actinomycosis with ulcerations or fistulas on open parts of the body;
infectious and destructive forms of pulmonary tuberculosis, extrapulmonary tuberculosis with the presence of fistulas, bacteriuria, lupus erythematosus of the face and hands;
pustular diseases.

1.6. The employee must know:

the impact on a person of dangerous and harmful production factors that arise during work;
requirements for industrial sanitation, electrical safety and fire safety;
arrangement and safety requirements for the operation of heating, electrical, refrigeration and other equipment available in this wagon;
safety requirements for loading and unloading operations;
location of first aid kits.

1.7. The employee must:

perform only the work included in his official duties;
apply safe work practices;
ensure the correct placement and stowage of goods in the wagon-shop, taking into account its type, size and shape;
keep in good condition and clean the commercial and technological equipment of the shop car, the necessary inventory, utility and storage rooms, materials, fixtures, tools, as well as sanitary and special clothing, safety shoes and other personal protective equipment;
comply with the requirements of prohibitory, warning, indicative and prescriptive signs, inscriptions, loudspeakers, sound and light signals given by machinists, train compilers, vehicle drivers;
pass through the territory of the railway station along the established routes, footpaths, tunnels, passages and crossings;
be extremely careful in places of traffic;
comply with the internal labor regulations;
be able to provide first (pre-medical) assistance to the victim;
fulfill the requirements of work and rest regimes in accordance with the schedule approved by the Road Work Supply Center (Service);
comply with the requirements of the Regulations on the discipline of railway workers and other regulatory documents.

1.8. During work, the following main dangerous and harmful production factors may affect the workers of the store car:

moving rolling stock, vehicles and mechanisms;
movable parts of the equipment of the shop car, transported goods and containers;
increased value of the voltage of the electrical circuit, the closure of which can occur through the human body;
increased levels of noise and vibration;
insufficient illumination of the working area;
low temperature, humidity and air mobility of the working area;
low temperature of the surfaces of refrigeration equipment, goods;
increased dust content in the air of the working area;
sharp edges, burrs and roughness on the surfaces of tools, equipment, inventory, containers, goods;
physical overload when moving weights manually;
neuropsychic overload.

1.9. Shop wagon employees must be provided with:

Sanitary clothing.

Grocery seller: white cotton jacket or white cotton bathrobe.

For the sale of bakery products:

white cotton apron;
white cotton sleeves;
beret or cap white cotton;
slippers or shoes, or textile boots, or textile combined.

Special clothing and other personal protective equipment:

Sales of meat and fish products:

rubberized apron;
gloves to protect hands from punctures (on the sale of fish).

Selling potatoes and vegetables:

rubberized apron;
rubber sleeves.

Storekeepers, freight forwarders and sellers of non-food products, depending on the type of goods, must be provided with combined gloves, gowns, sleeves and other personal protective equipment.

In winter, if necessary:

cotton jacket with insulating lining;
felt boots depending on climatic zones;
rubber galoshes.

1.10. Employees are required to be neatly dressed, combed, wear clean overalls, a hat and a badge.

Observe the rules of personal hygiene, wash hands after each break in work and as needed.

Constantly monitor the cleanliness of the body, hair, cut nails short.

Eat only in designated areas.

1.11. Employees are required to come to work in clean clothes and shoes, and leave personal belongings in specially designated lockers. Storage of home, sanitary and special clothing should be separate.

1.12. Sellers of food products are prohibited from stabbing sanitary and special clothing with pins, needles and storing items of personal toilet, cigarettes and other foreign objects in the pockets of dressing gowns, jackets, and using sanitary and special clothing for other purposes.

1.13. Employees must comply with the following fire safety requirements:

know fire alarms and how to report a fire;
smoking only in designated and adapted places;
not transport or store explosive substances, flammable and combustible liquids;
know and be able to use primary fire extinguishing equipment.

Do not:

use kerosene and other burners for lighting wagons;
use sources of open flame and electrical appliances with open heating elements for cooking and heating;
clutter up the aisles and doors in the shopping car with goods, containers and other goods.

1.14. While on the railway tracks, employees must comply with the following requirements:

go to the store car only by specially established routes, marked with signs "Service Passage";
pass along the railway tracks only along the side of the road or in the middle of the track, paying attention to the wagons and locomotives moving along the adjacent railway tracks;
cross railway tracks only at a right angle, after making sure that there are no locomotives or wagons moving at a dangerous distance in this place;
cross a railway track occupied by rolling stock, using only the transitional platforms of wagons;
when leaving the wagon, hold on to the handrails and position yourself facing the wagon, having previously examined the place of the descent and made sure that the handrails and steps are in good condition, as well as that there are no locomotives and wagons moving along the adjacent track;
bypass groups of wagons or locomotives standing on the way at a distance of at least 5 m from the automatic coupler;
pass between uncoupled wagons, if the distance between the automatic couplers of these wagons is at least 10 m.

1.15. While on the railway tracks, employees are prohibited from:

cross or run across railway tracks in front of moving rolling stock;
crawl under the wagons;
stand or sit on a rail;
sit on the steps of wagons or locomotives and get off them while moving;
be on the inter-track when trains run non-stop on adjacent tracks;
cross points equipped with electrical interlocking at the locations of the points and cross fastenings of turnouts, stand between the point and the frame rail or into the gutters on the turnout and at the ends of reinforced concrete sleepers;
step on electrical wires and cables;
touch broken wires and other easily accessible live parts;
climb onto the roof of the car under the contact wire.

1.16. When entering the railway track from the premises, the store car, as well as buildings that impair the visibility of the railway track, the employee must first make sure that there is no rolling stock moving along it, and in the dark, wait until the eyes get used to the darkness.

1.17. When parking on electrified sections of railways, employees are prohibited from approaching energized and unprotected wires or parts of the contact network at a distance of less than 2 m, as well as touching broken wires of the contact network and foreign objects located on them, regardless of whether they touch the ground and grounded structures or not.

Employees who have discovered a break in wires or other elements of the contact network, as well as foreign objects hanging from them, are obliged to immediately report this to the duty officer at the railway station.

Before the arrival of the repair team, the dangerous place should be protected by any improvised means and ensure that no one approaches the broken wires at a distance of less than 8 m.

1.18. In the event of an injury or illness, the employee must stop work, notify the head of the store car - responsible for labor protection on the flight (hereinafter referred to as the head of the store car), other employees and seek help from a first-aid post or the nearest medical facility.

In case of injury to other employees, the employee is obliged to provide first aid, if necessary, to the injured person and immediately inform the head of the store car, the head of the train, about this.

1.19. If violations of this Instruction or malfunctions of equipment, mechanisms, inventory, personal protective equipment and fire extinguishing equipment are found, the employee must inform the foreman in the store car.

1.20. Knowledge and implementation of safety requirements are the official duty of the employee, and their violation is a violation of labor discipline, which entails, depending on the consequences, disciplinary or other liability in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.

2. Safety requirements before starting work

2.1. Before traveling on a voyage, employees must obtain information about the location of the store car and the safe route to it, as well as the route of the store car by rail.

The head of the store car must make sure that the store car is inspected by the administration of the enterprise and a representative of the fire department.

A store wagon is allowed to set off on a voyage if there are at least two employees.

2.2. When accepting a shop wagon, the head of the shop wagon must:

make sure that handrails, steps, door handles and door locks, ceiling hatch locks, safety devices and other devices are in good condition and secure;
check the serviceability of water supply, sewerage, heating, lighting, internal equipment, the presence and serviceability of refrigeration, weight measuring and other technological equipment, as well as the presence of fire extinguishers, personal protective equipment, first aid kit;
check the serviceability of commercial inventory, tools, fixtures.

2.3. Before starting work, employees must put on proper sanitary and special clothing and other personal protective equipment, put them in order:

button up the cuffs of the sleeves;
tuck the loose ends of the clothes so that they do not hang down;
pick up hair under a hat, scarf.

It is not allowed to wear unbuttoned special clothes and rolled up sleeves.

The special clothing and other personal protective equipment assigned to the employee must be selected according to size and height.

2.4. Before starting work, you must:

inspect the workplace and bring it into a condition that guarantees the safety of work and occupational health;
wash hands thoroughly with soap;
place a working stock of goods, a stock of packaging materials used during work, fixtures and tools on the counter within convenient use.

2.5. Report all noticed shortcomings and malfunctions when accepting a wagon-shop to the administration of the Road Work Supply Center (service) for their elimination.

When you are on a flight, you must inform the head of the store car or the head of the train about the detected malfunctions and shortcomings.

Start work only after the elimination of faults and shortcomings.

3. Safety requirements during work

3.1. The superintendent of the store car must demand that the store cars be placed for loading at intermediate railway stations on the first railway track from the platform, and at the turnaround points - at dead ends or on alternate railway tracks, where safe conditions are provided for loading and unloading operations.

3.2. Do not load, unload and move goods in the store car while the train is moving, during maneuvers, as well as in places not intended for these purposes.

3.3. Do not clutter up the aisles in the shopping car with containers, goods and other items. Place the load evenly over the entire area of the wagon. Place heavier and larger items on the bottom, lighter and smaller items on top. Stowage of goods and their fastening should be carried out in such a way that during maneuvers and the movement of the wagon they do not fall and do not move. There must be a free space at the door of the car.

3.4. Unloaded or prepared for loading near the tracks, the cargo must be stowed and secured so that the clearance of the buildings is not violated. A load up to 1200 mm high must be no closer than 2,0 m from the outer edge of the head of the outermost rail, and at a higher height - no closer than 2,5 m.

3.5. When moving a load in a horizontal plane, the worker must be behind or to the side of it. When moving drums, rolls and other similar cargoes, one should be behind the transported cargo, and at the same time, hands should not be placed at the edges, in order to avoid bruising the hands on other objects that are in the way of rolling the cargo. It is forbidden to carry barrels and other similar loads on the back, regardless of their weight.

The permissible weight of the load to be lifted and moved manually constantly during the work shift should not exceed 15 kg for men, and 7 kg for women. The mass of the load lifted and moved manually when alternating with other work (up to 2 times per hour) should not exceed 30 kg for men and 10 kg for women. It is allowed to lift and move manually loads weighing more than 30 kg for men and more than 10 kg for women together in a shopping car.

3.6. The head of the store car must make sure that the car uncoupled from the train is secured in the parking lot with brake shoes on both sides.

3.7. When performing shunting work, the employee in the car must stop working and sit on the sofa facing in the direction of the upset train. Do not perform any action until the train has completely stopped.

3.8. Before the start of the distribution of products and after visiting the toilet, as well as after each break in work, when leaving the shopping car on the territory, as well as after contact with foreign objects, sellers must remove sanitary clothing and wash their hands with soap and water.

3.9. To reduce the cutting force when cutting food, use special knives:

when cutting meat and fish gastronomic products, use a knife that has a long (from 300 to 450 mm) and narrow blade with a sharp end;
when cutting cheese, use knives that have a thicker blade with a rectangular end and handles that are fixed 40-50 mm higher than the blade, or knives 200 mm long and 40 mm wide with two handles fixed at the ends of the blade and located above it.

3.10. To cut meat and poultry on a cutting block, use axes - dull heads and knives - billhooks.

3.11. When cutting meat carcasses:

stably position the carcass on the cutting block;
when unfolding the carcass, hold it with both hands to prevent the carcass from falling;
when cutting a carcass into cuts, hold an ax - a dumbass with both hands;
when cutting into small pieces, put the cut on the cutting block with both hands, place it securely and conveniently, take the cutting knife with your right hand and, observing precautionary measures, chop off a small piece of meat.

3.12. If it is necessary to store goods at a height, use ladders and step-ladders that are in good working order and have been tested and have anti-slip devices. It is forbidden to use boxes and other random objects and stands for these purposes, as well as to work from the top step of the ladder (ladder).

3.13. Use for lighting inside the car portable electric lamps with a voltage of 12 - 36 V, with a protective cap in a metal mesh to protect against mechanical damage.

3.14. Clean up broken glass and other sharp objects in the shopping car with gloves, and collect small fragments with a broom and a dustpan.

3.15. During the journey of the store car, employees must comply with the following safety requirements:

when entering and exiting the car, make sure that the folding platform of the vestibule is securely fastened with a latch and that the handrails and steps of the car are in good condition;
at the moment of lifting the folding platform of the vestibule, be at a safe distance from it;
going down the steps from the vestibule, hold onto the handrails with your hands, not tearing yourself away from them until your feet touch the ground;
leaving the car, make sure that there are no objects between the tracks that could interfere with the exit, as well as moving locomotives, trains on the adjacent railway track.

It is forbidden to jump from the vestibule platform or from the steps of the car.

3.16. During the movement of the wagon-shop it is prohibited:

jump from the ground onto the footboard of the car, get on or off it;
stand near an open doorway without a special protective grille;
hang on the handrails or move from the footboard of your own car to the footboard of a neighboring car;
get out of the car at intermediate stations until the train stops completely;
throw away garbage, food waste, as well as red-hot slag and ash from the car;
to transport strangers in the wagon-shop;
consume alcoholic beverages during the entire time of the flight.

Garbage, food waste, slag and ash should be taken out at train stops to the places designated for this purpose.

3.17. When using the stove, the following safety requirements must be observed:

pour coal into the boxes of the car in mittens, after making sure that the locks of the coal boxes are in good condition;
coal should be added to the burning furnace of the furnace with the blower door closed, the furnace door must be opened smoothly, without jerking;
do not create excessive stocks of coal in the cars, do not litter and do not clutter up the furnace department with containers and inventory.

When using the stove, the employee is prohibited from:

use flammable and combustible liquids to kindle the stove;
heat the oven with the door open;
dry linen, clothes and other flammable items over a heating stove.

4. Safety requirements in emergency situations

4.1. Actions of the employee in the event of situations that may lead to undesirable consequences

4.1.1. The following main emergencies may occur when working in the shopping cars:

ignition of the wagon, which could lead to a fire or explosion;
collapse (collapse) of goods (cargo) stacked in piles;
rolling stock derailment;
detection of explosive devices and other suspicious items.

4.1.2. In the event of an emergency at the parking lot, the employee is obliged to stop work, immediately report the incident to the station administration and then follow its instructions to prevent accidents or eliminate the emergency.

In the event of an emergency situation along the route, the employee must immediately stop work, report the incident to the head of the train or the locomotive driver.

4.1.3. Employees who are nearby, upon an alarm signal, are obliged to immediately come to the scene and take part in providing first aid to the victim or eliminating the emergency situation that has arisen.

4.1.4. When eliminating an emergency, it is necessary to act in accordance with the approved plan for eliminating the accident.

4.1.5. In the event of a fire in a car in the parking lot, which could lead to a fire or explosion, you must:

immediately inform the fire brigade, indicating the exact location of the fire;
notify the administration of the railway station;
organize the evacuation of people, material assets, official documentation;
start extinguishing the fire using primary fire extinguishing means;
organize a meeting with the fire brigade.

In the event of a fire en route, immediately take measures to eliminate the source of fire on your own.

In the event that a fire that has arisen during the course of the train cannot be eliminated on its own, stop the train with a stop-crane and immediately report the fire to the locomotive driver.

4.1.6. When using foam (carbon dioxide, powder) fire extinguishers, direct the jet of foam (powder, carbon dioxide) away from people. If foam gets on unprotected areas of the body, wipe it off with a handkerchief or other material and rinse with an aqueous solution of soda.

In case of electrical fires, use only carbon dioxide or powder fire extinguishers. When using a carbon dioxide fire extinguisher, do not grasp the fire extinguisher socket with your hand.

4.1.7. When extinguishing a fire with a felt mat, cover the flame so that the fire from under it does not fall on the person extinguishing the fire.

4.1.8. Extinguishing burning objects located at a distance of less than 2 m from the contact network is allowed only with carbon dioxide, aerosol or powder fire extinguishers.

4.1.9. If explosive devices or other suspicious objects are found, specially developed instructions and instructions for actions in such conditions should be observed.

In the event that an explosive device is triggered in a shopping car, stop the train with a stop-crane, call the head of the train, and, if necessary, provide first aid to the victims.

During external shelling, workers should be placed below the window openings.

4.2. First aid worker's actions

4.2.1. Mechanical injury

When receiving a mechanical injury, it is necessary to stop the bleeding, treat the wound with hydrogen peroxide, and apply a bandage. If a tourniquet is applied, it is necessary to record the time of its application. The tourniquet can be left on for two hours in the warm season, and in the cold - one hour.

In case of fractures, it is necessary to apply a splint that fixes the immobility of the damaged parts of the body. To do this, you can use boards and a bandage.

With open fractures, it is necessary to bandage the wound before applying the splint.

When sprained, apply a pressure bandage and a cold compress to the sprain. In case of dislocations, the limb is immobilized in the position it took after the injury, a cold compress is applied to the joint area.

With all types of mechanical injuries, the victim must be taken to a medical facility.

4.2.2. electrical injury

In case of electric shock, first of all, it is necessary to stop the current (turn off the voltage, cut the wire), while observing safety measures and not touching the victim with bare hands while he is under the influence of current.

If a victim is struck by a high voltage current or lightning, despite the absence of signs of life, it is necessary to try to bring him back to life. If the victim is not breathing, immediately apply artificial respiration and at the same time heart massage. Artificial respiration and heart massage are done until natural breathing is restored or until the doctor arrives.

After the victim regains consciousness, it is necessary to apply a sterile bandage to the place of the electric burn and take measures to eliminate mechanical damage (bruises, fractures) that may occur during a fall. The victim of electrical injury, regardless of his state of health and the absence of complaints, should be sent to a medical institution.

4.2.3. Eye injury

If the eye is injured by sharp or piercing objects, as well as if the eye is injured with severe bruises, the victim should be urgently sent to a medical institution. Objects that get into the eyes should not be removed from the eye, so as not to further damage it. Apply a sterile bandage to the eye.

If dust or powder gets into the eyes, rinse with a gentle stream of running water.

In case of chemical burns, it is necessary to open the eyelids and rinse the eyes abundantly for 10-15 minutes with a weak stream of running water, after which the victim should be sent to a medical facility.

In case of eye burns with hot water, steam, eye rinsing is not recommended. The eyes are covered with a sterile bandage and the victim is sent to a medical facility.

4.2.4. Poisoning

In case of poisoning with poor-quality food products, it is necessary to induce artificial vomiting in the victim and rinse the stomach, allowing him to drink a large amount (up to 6-10 glasses) of warm water, tinted with potassium permanganate, or a weak solution of baking soda. After drink milk and give to drink 1 - 2 tablets of activated charcoal.

In case of acid poisoning, it is necessary to thoroughly rinse the stomach with water and give the victim enveloping agents: milk, raw eggs.

In case of gas poisoning, the victim must be taken out of the room to fresh air or a draft should be arranged in the room by opening windows and doors. When breathing and cardiac activity stop, start artificial respiration and heart massage.

In all cases of poisoning, the victim must be sent to a medical facility.

4.2.5. Thermal burns

For first-degree burns (only redness and slight swelling of the skin are observed), moisten the burned area with a strong solution of potassium permanganate.

For second-degree burns (fluid-filled blisters form), a sterile dressing should be applied to the burnt area. Do not lubricate the burned area with fat and ointments, open or pierce blisters.

In case of severe burns, a sterile dressing should be applied to the burned area and the victim should be immediately sent to a medical facility. Do not lubricate the burnt place with fat or ointments, tear off parts of clothing that are burnt to the skin. A burnt worker must be given plenty of hot tea.

4.2.6. Frostbite, sun or heat stroke

In case of mild frostbite, rub the frostbitten area with a clean cloth or mitten; frostbite should not be rubbed with snow. After the restoration of blood circulation, when the skin turns red and sensitivity appears, you need to lubricate the frostbitten area with fat.

If blisters appear during frostbite or necrosis of the skin and deep-lying tissues occurs, the frostbitten area should be bandaged with dry sterile material and the victim should be referred to a doctor. You can not open and pierce the bubbles.

In case of sun or heat stroke, the victim must be transferred to a darkened cool place and laid down with his head up, undress and wipe his body with cold water, put a cold compress on his head and heart, give plenty of water. If the victim is not breathing, apply artificial respiration. The unconscious person should not pour liquid into the mouth.

5. Safety requirements at the end of work

5.1. At the end of work, all employees must:

tidy up the workplace;
put tools, inventory and fixtures in places specially designed for them;
treat with a solution of detergent and disinfectant, and then with hot water, the working surfaces of commercial and technological equipment - scales, counters, showcases;
clean the working surface of the cutting chair with a knife and sprinkle with salt, and wash the side with hot water;
take off your overalls and put it in a specially designated place.

5.2. After work, workers should wash contaminated body parts with warm water and soap.

It is not allowed to use kerosene or other toxic petroleum products to clean the skin and personal protective equipment.

5.3. When on a flight, employees must report to the head of the store car about all malfunctions and shortcomings noticed during work.

5.4. Upon arrival from the trip of the store car, the head of the store car must inform the administration of the Road Work Supply Center (service) of all noticed shortcomings and malfunctions in order to eliminate them.

Contaminated and faulty overalls, if necessary, must be handed over for washing, dry cleaning or repair.

6. Sanitary - epidemiological regime and sanitary requirements for the organization of trade in shopping cars

6.1. All premises of the shop car must be kept clean. During the working day, current cleaning should be carried out, and at the end of work - wet cleaning with the use of detergents.

6.2. Once a week, general cleaning should be carried out using detergents and disinfectants.

6.3. Once a month on the established sanitary day, cleaning and subsequent disinfection, disinfestation and deratization of the premises of the shop car should be carried out.

6.4. Works on disinfection, disinfestation and deratization should be carried out by departments of preventive disinfection of sanitary and epidemiological supervision centers.

6.5. Disinfection should be carried out using products approved for use in the territory of the Russian Federation and having an appropriate certificate.

6.6. Each shopping car must have a sanitary log and a certificate of quality (compliance) of the manufacturer (certification body), confirming the quality and safety of products for the consumer.

6.7. The seller of the wagon-shop is obliged:

monitor the quality of accepted and sold food products and, if there is any doubt about their good quality, immediately stop their sale and return to the base with the preparation of an appropriate act;
comply with the terms of sale and the rules for the release of food products;
prevent violation of the conditions, rules, terms of storage and sale of perishable products;
prevent contamination of food products during their transportation, storage, sale, as well as in the process of technological processing;
when on vacation, use tongs, scoops, spatulas and other devices.

6.8. It is prohibited to sell perishable foodstuffs in shopping cars in the absence of refrigeration equipment for their storage.

We recommend interesting articles Section Standard instructions for labor protection:

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The MP34DT05TR-A microphone operates at 1,6V to 3,6V and has a low consumption of 650µA. The output signal is a PDM digital stream with a clock frequency of 1,2 to 3,25 MHz (set by the host). The microphone has an almost linear frequency response in the range from 100 to 10 Hz.

MEMS technology provides reliable microphone performance in a variety of automotive applications for voice control, as well as in industrial applications where operating conditions require high overload capacity and mechanical strength. MEMS technology reduces the size of the microphone, while the output can be either analog or digital.

Microphones based on MEMS technology provide excellent sound quality. They are less sensitive to mechanical vibrations, temperature changes and electromagnetic interference than traditional microphones. The MEMS process makes these mics the perfect stereo solution wherever two or more perfectly matched mics are required. MEMS microphones are omnidirectional, which means they are equally sensitive to sound coming from any direction in space. A wide frequency range makes it possible to use a MEMS microphone as a vibration sensor, including in the ultrasonic range.

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