Ejector power plant. Scheme, description

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ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RADIO ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
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Ejector power plant. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

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Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Alternative energy sources

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Hydroelectric power plants have many good qualities. But the dam - the main part of any hydroelectric power station - reduces almost all its advantages to nothing. Indeed, to build this reinforced concrete bulk, even with modern technology, many years are required. And how much building materials and human labor are spent at the same time?

Again, many inconveniences are associated with the operation of such dams. For example, river transport during the passage of locks loses a lot of precious time. Agriculture bears great losses, because many thousands of hectares of fertile land fall into the flood zone.

Since the dam is in the way, it needs to be removed. But it was not so easy to imagine a hydroelectric power station without a dam. I had to consult with my dad. He is also not a power engineer, but he used to study the principles of operation of ship power plants. And here are the engineering solutions we eventually found.

The idea of the onshore installation was based on the principles of operation of two pumps: an ejector and an airlift.

The ejector is a jet pump, it works due to the working jet of liquid. Airlift is an emulsion pump that works by lifting up an air-water emulsion. The general arrangement of the station can be seen in Fig. 1.

Rice. 1. Scheme of an ejector power plant: 1 - pneumatic turbine; 2 - hydraulic turbine; 3 - additional hydraulic turbine

Two trunks, going vertically down by 15-20 meters, are connected at the bottom by an arcuate bridge. It looks like two communicating vessels. The first barrel is ejector. It has an air intake, diffuser, reverse cone. This is the boost channel. The second barrel is airlift or injection. Its upper end is 5-10 meters higher than the first and serves to raise the water-air emulsion above the main level of the reservoir.

To start the station, you need to pump out water from the communicating shafts. After that, we open the shutter. The mass of falling water will be affected by the acceleration of free fall. The kinetic energy of the falling water will replace the pressure of the working jet necessary for the operation of the ejector device. A diffuser, or accelerator, channel is needed to increase this energy.

When water falls in the diffuser, a vacuum is created and air will be sucked in from the air collector. In the reverse cone, an air-water emulsion is formed. Once in the lower part of the injection shaft, the smallest air bubbles will rush upward, which will create additional thrust for pumping water. This thrust will help raise the water in the injection shaft to a higher level.

A large amount of air will be pumped, so a pneumatic turbine with an electric generator is installed in the air intake. In the hydrocone, it is necessary to install a hydraulic turbine with a vertical rotor arrangement and with an electric generator, as in a traditional hydroelectric power station. From the airlift trunk, raised to a height and freed from air, the water will again fall down. Here I propose to install another turbine with an electric generator.

The deep version, unlike the coastal one, has only one shaft - the ejector. The discharge shaft is absent here; instead, the ejector from below closes the non-return valve. When pumping water from the ejector shaft before starting the power plant, this valve is tightly pressed by pressure from the outside.

After start-up, as soon as the pressure in the ejector shaft exceeds the external water pressure, the valve will open and let the water-air emulsion pass directly into the water.

For the construction of shafts, it is best, in my opinion, to use the underground rockets of engineer M. Tsiferov. Such projectiles will not only quickly drill shafts, but also strengthen their walls at the same time. And this will make it possible to get by with a smaller layer of reinforced concrete for cladding, reduce the cost and speed up construction.

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