3D graphene. Free Technical Library News

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3D graphene

08.02.2014

Xuebin Wang and Yoshio Bando of the Japan International Center for Nanoarchitectonics of Materials (WPI-MANA) together with colleagues from Japan and China have created a new method for obtaining 3D graphene using bubbles inflated in a glucose polymer solution. The resulting 3D graphene has stability and excellent conductivity.

Graphene plates are very strong, light and have excellent conductivity. Theoretically, macroscopic bulk graphene assemblies should retain the properties of nanosized graphene flakes. However, in recent attempts to create 3D graphene, weak conductivity has been obtained, caused by poor contact between graphene plates. Loss of strength was also a problem, and self-sustaining 3D graphene had not yet been created.

Inspired by the ancient culinary art of "inflated sugar", Bando and his team proved that the compressed, coherent nature of the bonded bubbles would have an impact on strength and conductivity if graphene could be structured in the same way. Scientists have created a syrup from ordinary sugar and ammonium chloride. They heated the syrup to produce a glucose-based polymer called melanoidin, which was then inflated into bubbles using the gases released by the ammonium. The team found that the best quality of the final product is obtained by balancing this stage of ammonium decomposition and glucose polymerization.

As the bubbles grow, the remaining syrup flows off the walls of the bubbles, leaving the intersections of the three bubbles. Upon further heating, deoxidation, and dehydrogenation, melanoidin gradually graphitizes to form "compressed graphene" - a coherent 3D structure consisting of graphene shells bound by the structure of compressed graphene, which, respectively, is formed from the original bubble walls and the intersection framework.

The bubble structure allows the free movement of electrons through the network, which means that the graphene remains completely conductive. In addition, the mechanical strength and resilience of 3D graphene proved to be exceptionally high - the team was able to compress it to 80% of its original size with very little loss in conductive properties or stability.

Expanding on their discovery, Bando and his team in their lab consistently produced $3/gram compressed 0,5D graphene. With low cost and high scalability, the new method can find many applications in engineering and electronics. The product obtained in large quantities was selectively applied in a high-efficiency supercapacitor. Its maximum energy density has become the highest among graphene 3D water supercapacitors - 106 W/kg. This opens up incredible prospects for the rapid development of electric transport and aviation.

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