Therapeutic and preventive nutrition. Occupational Safety and Health

OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
Free library / Occupational Safety and Health

Therapeutic and preventive nutrition. Occupational Safety and Health

Occupational Safety and Health

Occupational Safety and Health / Legislative basis for labor protection

It should be borne in mind that milk is issued as compensation for work in hazardous working conditions, therefore, while ensuring safe working conditions, the employer decides to stop distributing free milk, taking into account the opinion of the trade union or other body authorized by employees. Thus, all issues related to the free distribution of milk to employees employed in work with harmful working conditions are resolved by the employer independently.

Therapeutic and preventive nutrition is issued to employees on the days they actually perform hazardous work, as well as on sick days with temporary disability.

Milk is not issued to those workers who receive free therapeutic and preventive nutrition due to particularly harmful working conditions.

Author: Bobkova O.V.

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electrical web 07.02.2015

Spiders weave a web of several thin threads emerging from arachnoid warts, of which a spider can have up to four pairs. So the net that we see consists, like a rope, of several intertwined "ropes", each a few micrometers thick. However, in some spiders, one of the pairs of arachnoid warts is transformed into a cribellum - a sieve plate with a very large number of arachnoid tubes. The threads that come out of these tubes are much, much thinner than those of spiders with a common spider wart. Thus, in the spider Uloborus plumipes, thousands of threads are formed at the exit from the cribellum, each only about 50 nanometers thick.

With the help of special hairs on their hind legs, such spiders comb through ultra-thin threads and apply them to a thicker one coming out of a "normal" wart. They don't use glue at all. Researchers from Oxford (Great Britain) decided to find out how they manage to weave weightless cobwebs so neatly into a trapping net and how such a net, although without glue, can still hold prey.

In an article in Biology Letters, Katrin Kronenberger and Fritz Vollrath write that scratching the web gives the threads an electrostatic charge, which holds them together. In addition, on this scale, van der Waals forces are also added, which additionally tighten the web fiber. As a result, the carrier thread turns out to be covered with the thinnest openwork fabric of thousands of charged fibers several tens of nanometers thick, which also form peculiar thickenings - "pillows" along the entire length of the main fiber.

When prey enters such a web, it does not stick (as with ordinary spiders), but gets stuck in it. The authors of the work believe that the trapping properties of spider webs with cribellum are largely due to the electrification of the web. It is possible that new data will be useful in the development of new polymeric materials from artificial nanofibers.

Curiously, two years ago, zoologists from the University of California at Berkeley published an article in Scientific Reports discussing the negative charge on ordinary sticky webs. An insect that acquires a small positive charge in flight will obviously have a harder time getting out of a net that is not only sticky but also negatively charged. However, it should be noted that the division of spiders into "ordinary", with an adhesive web, and "unusual", with a cribellum, is rather arbitrary - in the same spider families, species with both strategies can come across.

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