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Instructions for labor protection of a mechanic for the repair and maintenance of a car

Occupational Safety and Health / Standard instructions for labor protection

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Safe Operation

Introduction

1.1. This instruction regulates the basic safety requirements when performing locksmith work on vehicle maintenance and repair.

1.2. The mechanic must comply with the requirements of the labor protection instructions developed on the basis of this and instructions developed taking into account the requirements set out in standard labor protection instructions:

• when hanging the car and working under it;
• when removing and installing car wheels;
• when moving around the territory and production premises of a motor transport enterprise;
• fire prevention and burn prevention.

Having noticed a violation of safety requirements by another employee, the mechanic must warn him of the need to comply with them.

The mechanic must also follow the instructions of the representative of the joint committee (commission) on labor protection or the authorized (trusted) person for labor protection of the trade union committee.

The mechanic must know and be able to provide first aid to the victim in accordance with the instructions for providing first aid in accidents.

A mechanic should not begin performing one-time work that is not related to direct responsibilities in the specialty without receiving targeted instruction.

2. General safety requirements

2.1. Persons who have the appropriate qualifications, who have received introductory instructions and initial instruction in the workplace on labor protection, and who have passed a knowledge test in operating lifting mechanisms are allowed to independently work on the repair and maintenance of vehicles.

2.2. A mechanic who has not undergone timely repeated instruction on labor protection (at least once every 3 months) should not start work.

2.3. The mechanic is obliged to comply with the internal labor regulations approved by the enterprise.

2.4. A mechanic's working hours should not exceed 40 hours per week.

The duration of daily work (shift) is determined by internal labor regulations or shift schedules approved by the employer in agreement with the trade union committee.

2.5. A mechanic should know that the most dangerous and harmful production factors affecting him during maintenance and repair of vehicles are:

car, its components and parts; equipment, tools and devices; electricity; leaded gasoline; workplace illumination.

2.5.1. The car, its components and parts - during the repair process, the suspended vehicle or the components and parts being removed from it may fall, which leads to injury.

2.5.2. Garage repair and technological equipment, tools, devices - the use of faulty equipment, tools and devices leads to injury.

A mechanic is prohibited from using tools, devices, equipment, the use of which he is not trained or instructed.

2.5.3. Electric current - if the rules and precautions are not followed, can have a dangerous and harmful effect on people, manifested in the form of electrical injuries (burns, electrical signs, electroplating of the skin), electrical shocks.

2.5.4. Gasoline, especially leaded gasoline, has a toxic effect on the human body when its vapors are inhaled, it contaminates the body, clothing, or enters the body with food or drinking water.

2.5.5. Illumination of the workplace and the unit being serviced (repaired) - insufficient (excessive) illumination causes deterioration (strain) of vision and fatigue.

2.6. A locksmith must work in special clothing and, if necessary, use other personal protective equipment.

2.7. In accordance with the Standard Industry Standards for the free issuance of special clothing, special shoes and other personal protective equipment to workers and employees, the mechanic is issued:

2.7.1. When performing work on disassembling engines, transporting, carrying and washing parts of engines running on leaded gasoline:

• viscose-lavsan suit;
• rubber apron;
• rubber boots;
• rubber gloves.

2.7.2. When performing work on disassembly, repair and maintenance of vehicles and units:

• viscose-lavsan suit;
• combined gloves.

When working with leaded gasoline additionally:

• rubberized apron;
• rubber gloves.

2.7.3. For outdoor work in winter additionally:

• cotton jacket with insulating lining;
• cotton trousers with insulating lining.

2.8. A mechanic must follow fire safety rules and be able to use fire extinguishing equipment. Smoking is permitted only in designated areas.

2.9. A mechanic must be attentive while working and not be distracted by extraneous matters or conversations.

2.10. The mechanic must report any observed violations of safety requirements at his workplace, as well as malfunctions of devices, tools and personal protective equipment to his immediate supervisor and not begin work until the observed violations and malfunctions are eliminated.

2.11. The mechanic must observe the rules of personal hygiene. Before eating or smoking, you must wash your hands with soap, and when working with parts of a car that runs on leaded gasoline, first wash your hands with kerosene.

For drinking, use water from devices specially designed for this purpose (saturators, drinking tanks, fountains, etc.).

2.12. For failure to comply with the requirements of the instructions developed on the basis of this and specified in clause 1.2, the mechanic is liable in accordance with current legislation.

3. Safety requirements before starting work

3.1. Before starting work, the mechanic must:

3.1.1. Put on special clothes and fasten the cuffs of the sleeves.

3.1.2. Inspect and prepare your workplace, remove all unnecessary items without cluttering up the aisles.

3.1.3. Check the availability and serviceability of tools and devices, while:

• wrenches should not have cracks or nicks, the jaws of the wrenches should be parallel and not rolled up;
• sliding keys must not be loosened in moving parts;
• metalworking hammers and sledgehammers must have a slightly convex, not oblique or knocked down, free from cracks or hardening surface of the striker, and must be securely fastened to the handles by wedging with jagged wedges;
• the handles of hammers and sledgehammers must have a smooth surface;
• impact tools (chisels, crosscutters, bits, cores, etc.) must not have cracks, burrs or hardening. Chisels must have a length of at least 150 mm;
• files, chisels and other tools should not have a pointed non-working surface and should be securely fastened to a wooden handle with a metal ring on it;
• The power tool must have proper insulation of live parts and reliable grounding.

3.1.4. Check the condition of the floor in the workplace. The floor must be dry and clean. If the floor is wet or slippery, have it wiped down or sprinkled with sawdust, or do it yourself.

3.1.5. Before using a portable lamp, check whether the lamp has a protective mesh and whether the cord and insulating rubber tube are in good condition. Portable lamps must be connected to an electrical network with a voltage not exceeding 42 V.

4. Safety requirements during work

4.1. During work, the locksmith must:

4.1.1. All types of vehicle maintenance and repair on the territory of the enterprise should be performed only at places (posts) specially designed for this purpose.

4.1.2. Proceed with maintenance and repair of the vehicle only after it has been cleared of dirt, snow and washed.

4.1.3. After placing the vehicle at a maintenance or repair station, be sure to check whether it is locked with the parking brake, whether the ignition is turned off (whether the fuel supply is turned off in a vehicle with a diesel engine), whether the gear shift lever (controller) is set to the neutral position, whether the consumables and mains are closed. valves on gas-cylinder vehicles, whether special wheel chocks (shoes) (at least two) are placed under the wheels. If the specified safety measures are not followed, do it yourself.

Place a sign on the steering wheel that reads: “Do not start the engine - people are working!” On a car that has a duplicate engine starting device, hang a similar sign near this device.

4.1.4. After lifting the car with a lift, hang a sign on the lift control panel “Do not touch - people are working under the car!”, and when lifting with a hydraulic lift, after lifting it, secure the lift with a stop to prevent spontaneous lowering.

4.1.5. Car repairs from below, outside of an inspection ditch, overpass or lift, should only be carried out on a bench.

4.1.6. To safely cross inspection ditches, as well as to work in front and behind the vehicle, use transition bridges, and to descend into the inspection ditches, use ladders specially installed for this purpose.

4.1.7. Remove or install the wheel together with the brake drum using a special trolley. If removing the hubs is difficult, use special pullers to remove them.

4.1.8. All maintenance and repair work on the vehicle should be carried out with the engine not running, with the exception of work the technology of which requires starting the engine. Such work should be carried out at special posts where exhaust gas suction is provided.

4.1.9. To start the engine and move the vehicle, contact the driver, driver, foreman or mechanic assigned by order of the enterprise to perform this work.

4.1.10. Before starting the engine, make sure that the gear shift lever (controller) is in neutral and that there are no people under the vehicle or near rotating engine parts.

Inspection of the car from below is carried out only when the engine is not running.

4.1.11. Before turning the propeller shaft, check that the ignition is turned off, and for a diesel engine, that there is no fuel supply. Set the gear shift lever to neutral and release the parking brake. After completing the necessary work, re-apply the parking brake.

Turn the cardan shaft only with the help of a special tool.

4.1.12. Remove the engine from the car and install it on it only when the car is on wheels or on special stands - trestles.

4.1.13. Before removing the wheels, place trestles of appropriate load capacity under the suspended part of the car, trailer, semi-trailer and lower the suspended part onto them, and install at least two special wheel chocks (shoes) under the wheels that cannot be lifted.

4.1.14. To move the car to a parking lot inside the enterprise and check the brakes while driving, call an on-duty or assigned driver.

4.1.15. For disassembly, assembly and other fastening operations that require great physical effort, use pullers, impact wrenches, etc. If necessary, nuts that are difficult to loosen must be pre-wetted with kerosene or a special compound (Unisma, VTV, etc.).

4.1.16. Before starting work with the lifting mechanism, make sure that it is in good condition and that the weight of the lifted unit corresponds to the load capacity indicated on the stencil of the lifting mechanism, whether its test period has expired, and on removable lifting devices, check for the presence of tags indicating the permissible weight of the load being lifted.

4.1.17. To remove and install components and assemblies weighing 20 kg or more (for women 10 kg), use lifting mechanisms equipped with special devices (grips) and other auxiliary means of mechanization.

4.1.18. When moving parts manually, be careful, as the part (unit) may interfere with the view of the path of movement, distract from monitoring the movement and create an unstable body position.

4.1.19. Before removing components and assemblies associated with power, cooling and lubrication systems, when liquid leakage is possible, first drain fuel, oil or coolant from them into a special container.

4.1.20. Before removing gas equipment, cylinders or tightening the connection nuts, make sure that there is no gas in them.

4.1.21. Before removing the spring, be sure to unload it from the weight of the car by lifting the front or rear of the car and then installing the frame on the trestles.

4.1.22. When working on a rotary tipper stand, securely secure the car, first drain the fuel and coolant, close the oil filler neck tightly and remove the battery.

4.1.23. When repairing and servicing buses and trucks with high bodies, use scaffolds or stepladders.

4.1.24. To carry out work under the raised body of a dump truck or dump trailer and when working to replace or repair the lifting mechanism or its units, first free the body from the load, and be sure to install an additional equipment (stop, clamp, rod).

4.1.25. Before repairs, tank vehicles for transporting flammable, explosive, toxic, etc. cargo, as well as tanks for their storage, should be completely cleared of any residues of the above products.

4.1.26. Carry out cleaning or repairs inside a tank or container containing leaded gasoline, flammable and toxic liquids in special clothing, with a hose gas mask, a life belt with a rope; There must be a specially instructed assistant outside the tank.

The gas mask hose must be led out through the hatch (manhole) and secured on the windward side.

A strong rope is attached to the worker’s belt inside the tank, the free end of which must be led out through the hatch (manhole) and securely fastened. The assistant at the top must watch the worker, hold the rope, and insure the worker in the tank.

4.1.27. Repair fuel tanks only after complete removal of fuel residues and neutralization.

4.1.28. Work on maintenance and repair of refrigeration units on refrigerated vehicles should be carried out in accordance with the current safety regulations for their repair.

4.1.29. Before carrying out maintenance and repair work on vehicles running on gas fuel, first raise the hood to ventilate the engine compartment.

4.1.30. Drain (release) the gas from the cylinders of the vehicle on which work related to troubleshooting the gas power system or its removal is to be carried out in a specially designated place (post), and purge the cylinders with compressed air, nitrogen or other inert gas.

4.1.31. Removal, installation and repair of gas equipment must be carried out only with the help of special devices, tools and equipment.

4.1.32. Check the tightness of the gas system with compressed air, nitrogen or other inert gases with the flow valves closed and the main valves open.

4.1.33. Fasten the hoses on the fittings with clamps.

4.1.34. Remove spilled oil or fuel using sand or sawdust, which after use should be poured into metal boxes with lids installed outdoors.

4.1.35. When working, position the tool so that there is no need to reach for it.

4.1.36. Correctly select the size of the wrench, preferably use box and socket wrenches, and in hard-to-reach places - wrenches with ratchets or with a hinged head.

4.1.37. Correctly apply the wrench to the nut, do not tighten the nut with a jerk.

4.1.38. When working with a chisel or other chopping tool, use safety glasses to protect your eyes from damage from metal particles, and also put a protective washer on the chisel to protect your hands.

4.1.39. Press out tight pins and bushings only using special tools.

4.1.40. Place components and assemblies removed from the vehicle on special stable stands, and place long parts only horizontally.

4.1.41. Check the alignment of the holes with a conical mandrel.

4.1.42. When working on drilling machines, install small parts in a vice or special devices.

4.1.43. Remove chips from drilled holes only after retracting the tool and stopping the machine.

4.1.44. When working on a sharpening machine, stand to the side and not against the rotating abrasive wheel, and use safety glasses or shields. The gap between the tool rest and the abrasive wheel should not exceed 3 mm.

4.1.45. When working with power tools with voltages exceeding 42 V, use protective equipment (dielectric rubber gloves, overshoes, mats) provided with the power tool.

4.1.46. Connect the power tool to the mains only if it has a working plug connector.

4.1.47. In the event of a power outage or interruption in operation, disconnect the power tool from the electrical outlet.

4.1.48. Remove dust and shavings from the workbench, equipment or part with a sweeping brush or metal hook.

4.1.49. Place used cleaning material in metal boxes specially installed for this purpose and cover with a lid.

4.1.50. If gasoline or other flammable liquid comes into contact with your body and personal protective equipment, do not approach an open flame, do not smoke or light matches.

4.1.51. When working with leaded gasoline or parts of an engine running on leaded gasoline, observe the following requirements:

• neutralize parts with kerosene;
• immediately remove spilled gasoline and neutralize the area with a bleach solution;
• pour leaded gasoline using a special tool.

4.1.52. Move units hung on lifting and transport mechanisms using hooks and braces.

4.2. The locksmith is prohibited from:

• perform work under a car or unit suspended only on a lifting mechanism (except for stationary electric lifts) without trestle stands or other safety devices;
• lift units with oblique tension on the cable or chain of the lifting mechanism, and also moor the units with a sling, wire, etc.;
• work under the raised body of a dump truck or dump trailer without a special inventory fixing device;
• use random coasters and pads instead of a special additional stop;
• work with damaged or incorrectly installed stops;
• perform any work on gas equipment or cylinders under pressure;
• carry an electric tool, holding it by the cable, as well as touch the rotating parts with your hand until they stop;
• blow off dust and shavings with compressed air, direct the air stream at people standing nearby or at yourself;
• store oily cleaning materials at the workplace and store clean cleaning materials together with used ones;
• use leaded gasoline for washing parts, hands, etc.;
• suck gasoline with your mouth through a hose;
• wash units, components and parts, etc. with flammable liquids;
• clutter the passages between the racks and the exits from the premises with materials, equipment, containers, removed units, etc.;
• store used oil, empty containers from fuel and lubricants;
• remove special clothing contaminated with leaded gasoline from the enterprise, as well as enter it into the canteen and office premises;
• use ladders;
• release compressed gas into the atmosphere or drain liquefied gas to the ground;
• when opening and closing the main and flow valves, use additional levers;
• use wire or other objects to fasten hoses;
• twist, flatten and bend hoses and tubes, use oily hoses;
• use nuts and bolts with crumpled edges;
• hold small parts with your hands when drilling them;
• install gaskets between the wrench mouth and the edges of nuts and bolts, as well as extend wrenches with pipes or other objects;
• use dry bleach to neutralize a sheet doused with leaded gasoline;
• units hung on lifting mechanisms to push or pull by hand;
• work when receiving a signal about the movement of the conveyor.

5. Safety requirements in emergency situations

5.1. The mechanic must immediately inform the employer about every accident that he witnessed, and provide the victim with first aid, call a doctor, or help transport the victim to a health center or the nearest medical facility.

If an accident occurs with the mechanic himself, he should, if possible, go to the health center, report the incident to the employer, or ask someone around him to do this.

5.2. In the event of a fire, immediately notify the fire department and employer and begin extinguishing the fire using available fire extinguishing equipment.

6. Safety requirements at the end of work

At the end of the work, the locksmith must:

6.1.1. Disconnect electrical equipment from the mains and turn off local ventilation.

6.1.2. Tidy up your workspace. Remove fixtures and tools in the place provided for them.

6.1.3. If the car remains on special stands (traces), check the reliability of its installation. It is prohibited to leave the vehicle or unit suspended only by the lifting mechanism.

6.1.4. Remove personal protective equipment and put them in the place intended for them. Timely hand over special clothing and other personal protective equipment for dry cleaning (washing) and repair.

6.1.5. Wash your hands with soap, and after working with parts and components of an engine running on leaded gasoline, you must first wash your hands with kerosene.

6.1.6. Notify your immediate supervisor of any deficiencies found during work.

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