Maintenance of production and auxiliary premises. Occupational Safety and Health

OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
Free library / Occupational Safety and Health

Maintenance of production and auxiliary premises. Occupational Safety and Health

Occupational Safety and Health

Occupational Safety and Health / Legislative basis for labor protection

Requirements for industrial buildings of enterprises are set out in the regulation POT RO 14000-004-98 "Regulation. Technical operation of industrial buildings and structures." In accordance with it, industrial buildings and premises, their space-planning and design solutions must comply with the requirements of applicable standards, building codes and regulations, process design standards, fire safety standards and sanitary design standards for industrial enterprises.

Industrial buildings must have passports indicating the arrangement of equipment. Sites intended for maintenance of equipment must have perimeter fences with a height of at least 1 m with a continuous sheathing along the bottom of at least 0,15 m.

During the operation of buildings and structures it is prohibited:

exceed the maximum load on floors, ceilings and platforms;
install, hang or fasten production equipment, vehicles, pipelines, devices, incl. and temporary, for the production of repair and construction and installation works not provided for by the project. If necessary, additional loads can be allowed only after checking the calculation of building structures and strengthening these structures;
punch holes in ceilings, beams, columns and walls without the written permission of persons responsible for the proper operation, preservation and repair of buildings and structures.

Each enterprise should draw up instructions for supervising the operation of buildings and structures, interfloor ceilings, indicating the maximum loads for individual areas of sites and floors, and determine the frequency of inspection of load-bearing structures.

It is known that the durability and operational reliability of industrial buildings and structures depends on the impact on them of external factors and internal factors associated with the production process. Therefore, when designing industrial buildings and structures, measures are taken to protect against the aggressive effects of the environment: chemical aggression, moisture, excess heat, vibration and shock.

To ensure the smooth operation of production, increase the period between repairs of buildings, structures and reduce operating costs for their maintenance, the enterprise organizes supervision of the state of buildings and structures.

All industrial buildings and structures at least twice a year (in spring and autumn) must be subject to technical inspections, which are carried out by a commission appointed by the head of the enterprise. The results of the inspection should be documented in acts that indicate the measures and deadlines for eliminating the detected defects. Emergency damage that poses a danger to operating personnel must be repaired immediately. Prior to repair of accidental damage, production processes should be stopped, and maintenance personnel should be removed to a safe place.

To conduct this work, it is advisable to appoint special persons responsible for the condition of buildings.

At large enterprises, a special bureau can be created, at small enterprises, the duties of a superintendent are assigned to a part-time engineering and technical worker.

Every year, each production building and structure, as well as auxiliary buildings, are inspected by a caretaker or an employee of the bureau.

Once every 5 years, an inspection is carried out by a commission. The commission must include a representative of the design organization who has a license for this type of activity.

After 20 years of operation, for each building and structure, a conclusion of a specialized organization is required with instrumental measurements of the state of the most critical loaded units and load-bearing structures.

Each separate building or structure must have a passport of the established form. Appropriate documentation is attached to the passport. In the passport, annually signed by the caretaker, the results of all inspections carried out, the results of 5-year commission checks, protocols of instrumental checks carried out by specialized organizations are noted. Based on the entries in the passports, an annual plan for preventive maintenance of buildings and structures (PPR) is drawn up.

To organize the safe operation of buildings and structures, the following documentation is required:

a list of organizations that took part in the construction, indicating the types of work performed by them, with the names of engineering and technical workers responsible for the performance of these works;
a set of working drawings with inscriptions on each sheet about the compliance with the drawings of the work performed in kind or the changes made, signed by those responsible for the production of these works;
certificates, technical passports or other documents certifying the quality of materials, structures, parts, acts of concealment of work and acts of intermediate acceptance of certain critical structures (pillars, span arches, vaults, retaining walls, load-bearing metal structures, precast concrete units);
test certificates for installed equipment, technical pipelines, internal gas pipeline systems, heating, ventilation, external water supply systems, heat supply, drainage devices;
acts of testing external and internal electrical networks;
acts of testing signaling systems, automation, telephony;
journal of work production and architectural supervision.

Authors: Fainburg G.Z., Ovsyankin A.D., Potemkin V.I.

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