Requirements for the organization of the workplace. Occupational Safety and Health

OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
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Requirements for the organization of the workplace. Occupational Safety and Health

Occupational Safety and Health

Occupational Safety and Health / Legislative basis for labor protection

Workplace - the place where the employee must be or where he needs to arrive in connection with his work and which is directly or indirectly under the control of the employer.

Permanent workplace - a place where the employee is most of (more than 50% or more than 2 hours continuously) of his working time.

Working area - a space up to 2 m high from the floor level or platform, on which there are places for permanent or temporary stay of workers.

Being at your workplace, i.e. in the production environment, a person can be exposed to a number of dangerous and (or) harmful production factors, from which he must be protected as much as possible. In accordance with GOST 12.2.061-81 "Production equipment. General safety requirements for workplaces", working equipment, tools, fixtures must fully comply with safety requirements, the working environment must comply with sanitary and hygienic requirements, and, in addition, the workplace must be organized in such a way that a person spends a minimum amount of energy when performing work. Compliance with these conditions will contribute to consistently highly productive safe work.

Proper organization of the workplace implies knowledge and implementation of ergonomic requirements, which are determined by existing standards. So GOST 12.2.032-78. "SSBT. Workplace when performing work while sitting. General ergonomic requirements" defines the general ergonomic requirements for a workplace when performing work while sitting, and GOST 12.2.033-78. "SSBT. Workplace when performing work while standing. General ergonomic requirements" - when performing work while standing.

The workplace when performing work while sitting is organized for light work that does not require free movement of the worker, as well as for moderate work in cases due to the peculiarities of the technological process. The design of the workplace and the relative position of all its elements (seat, controls, information display tools, etc.) must comply with anthropometric, physiological and technological requirements, as well as the nature of the work.

The design of the workplace should ensure the performance of labor operations within the reach of the motor field in the vertical and horizontal planes for the average size of the human body.

The performance of labor operations "often" and "very often" should be provided within the zone of easy reach and the optimal zone of the motor field. Recall that the frequency of operations is taken: "very often" - two or more operations in 1 minute; "often" - less than two operations in 1 min, but more than two operations in 1 hour and "rarely" - no more than two operations in 1 hour.

When designing equipment and a workplace, anthropometric indicators of women (if only women work) and men (if only men work) should be taken into account: if the equipment is serviced by women and men, the general averages of women and men.

The design of production equipment and the workplace must ensure optimal working position, which is achieved by regulation:

work surface height and legroom;
seat height and footrest (with non-adjustable height of the working surface).

Adjustable parameters are selected according to the recommendations of GOST. In this case, in the second case, the height of the working surface is taken for a worker with a height of 180 cm. The optimal working position for workers of shorter stature is achieved by increasing the height of the seat and footrest by an amount equal to the difference between the height of the working surface for a worker with a height of 180 cm and the height of the working surface, optimal for the growth of a given worker.

In cases where it is impossible to adjust the height of the working surface and the footrest, it is allowed to design and manufacture equipment with non-adjustable parameters of the workplace, and the numerical values of these parameters should be taken according to the recommendations of GOST. In addition to the listed requirements, when organizing a workplace, GOST 12.2.032-78 will contain requirements for the placement of controls and means of displaying information.

A workplace for performing work while standing (GOST 12.2.033-78) is organized during moderate and heavy physical work, as well as with a technologically determined size of the working area that exceeds its parameters when working while sitting GOST contains general requirements for the design of equipment, dimensional characteristics of the workplace , mutual arrangement of elements of the workplace, controls, means of displaying information, etc.

Taking into account all the requirements of GOST in the organization of workplaces can actually reduce the biomechanical stress in the performance of work, and, therefore, protect a person from the harmful effects of factors of the psychophysiological group.

It is clear that the organization of the workplace should take into account the need to provide the employee with personal protective equipment, taking into account the conditions of work.

Authors: Fainburg G.Z., Ovsyankin A.D., Potemkin V.I.

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