General principles for the prevention of industrial injuries. Occupational Safety and Health

OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
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General principles for the prevention of industrial injuries. Occupational Safety and Health

Occupational Safety and Health

Occupational Safety and Health / Legislative basis for labor protection

All measures to prevent industrial injuries associated with the prevention of three main types of causes of injuries: technical, organizational, personal.

The elimination of technical causes is associated with the improvement of technological processes, the replacement of equipment that has design flaws and great deterioration, constant monitoring (diagnostics) of the technical condition of equipment, buildings and structures, tools and means of collective and individual protection. Effective and purely technical safety measures are engineering measures to protect people from sources of harmful effects by isolating dangerous elements, as well as establishing barriers between workers and potential sources of injury. These include (but are not limited to) automation, remote control, the use of auxiliary equipment and automatic protection.

The normalization of working conditions also plays an important role: a high-quality atmosphere, good lighting, the absence of noise and vibrations, a normal microclimate, etc.

The organizational causes of accidents are eliminated by the introduction of a corporate labor protection management system. Organizational security measures, among other things, include the protection of workers from sources of dangerous and / or harmful effects by providing workers with personal protective equipment and rational temporary organization of the work process.

An important role in improving work on labor protection is played by product quality management, which inevitably eliminates shortcomings in the organization of jobs and violations of technological regulations, rules and norms for transportation, warehousing and storage of materials and products, preventive maintenance of equipment, vehicles and tools.

Prevention of personal (psychological and psychophysiological) causes of injury is associated with the selection of personnel, as well as with its constant training, instruction and education, stimulating the safe behavior of workers. Since it is not possible to completely eliminate hazards through technical and organizational measures, the safety of an employee is often determined only by his behavior.

Appropriate education, training (training and training) and work experience.

Although for each workplace (or type of work) there are (with the normal organization of labor protection) instructions on labor protection, often the requirements set forth in them are forgotten by workers, especially relatively unskilled workers. A much better role can and should be played by various posters, warning signals, marking and coloring, safety signs.

Since, in principle, there is no absolute safety at work and cannot be, each employee must be ready to actively counteract the dangers and provide first aid to the injured. Note that the actions of workers in an emergency and immediately after the occurrence of an accident must be thought out and "organized" in advance. At the same time, appropriate signs and information placed in the right places (designation of emergency exits, fire extinguishers, location of first aid points, showers, eyewashes or blocking devices) serve as very clear instructions for taking prompt and adequate measures.

Authors: Fainburg G.Z., Ovsyankin A.D., Potemkin V.I.

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