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PERSONAL TRANSPORT: GROUND, WATER, AIR
Universal agricultural machine Cinderella. Personal transport
Directory / Personal transport: land, water, air For years, members of the circle of the Seversk secondary school No. 44 of the Krasnodar Territory have been designing small-sized agricultural machines. The guys are well aware of the importance of this kind of creative search, because they experienced the difficulties associated with manual tillage from their own experience. It is easier for collective farms and state farms: complexes of mechanisms have been created to cultivate their vast fields. For small areas of such machines, there is practically no shovel, chopper, rake - that, perhaps, is all the mechanization in the school or experimental plot. Bringing this work into line with the level of modern agricultural technology is the main prospect for the design developments of young technicians. This work is complex and laborious. The children not only have to delve into the specifics of the problems of mechanization of agricultural production and agricultural technology, they spend a lot of effort searching for the necessary materials, parts and engines for the conceived mechanisms. Because of this, it is often necessary to customize the idea for those units and parts that are at hand. This, of course, significantly affects the final result. But... there is a positive aspect in this continuous "war" with obstacles. Children are taught to experiment boldly in this way. They repeatedly check in practice the quality of the invented mechanisms, evaluate their pros and cons, and then set themselves new, more complex tasks. Characteristically, of all the work done over the past years, the most successful were those that initially contained the largest number of design blunders. The point, it seems to us, is that the detected error always suggests in which direction the further search should be focused. So, for example, when testing a self-propelled plow, the guys came to the conclusion that it is possible to overcome the resistance of the soil that occurs when plowing with a mouldboard plow, only by countering it with the weight of the mechanism. However, with an increase in weight, it ceases to be small-sized, and even more so manual. Therefore, a fundamentally new design of the plowing unit is needed. And it was found: instead of a plow, a milling cutter began to work - rotating knives, curved according to a special pattern. The accumulated experience suggested another way of development. For a number of years, young machine operators have been designing units that have only one purpose, adapted to perform only strictly defined work: plowing, harrowing, cultivation, etc. In the end, the lack of engines prompted the idea: it's time to think about creating a universal agricultural machine or a series of mechanisms with a portable engine. This idea radically changed the direction of their creative search.
First, they tried to build a universal one-wheel tractor, with which it would be possible to plow with a moldboardless plow, carry out pre-sowing loosening of the soil with a milling cutter or a cultivator, cultivate, hill up potatoes, and even transport small loads. To do this, the "Gnome" (as the tractor was called) was given a set of mounted and trailed implements. They did it and made sure that the mini-tractor turned out to be successful and, moreover, it can be used in a number of agricultural works - up to twenty. The search for further universalization of the design led to the decision to turn the chassis of this tractor into a basic one that can easily be rebuilt for various use cases. In particular, the "Gnome" instead of one wheel can have two or even three. After such an improvement, the tractor became a universal agricultural small-sized machine (USMM-2), and instead of the "Gnome" it was given a more appropriate name, according to the guys, - "Cinderella". We would sin against the truth, arguing that the USMM-2 "Cinderella" is an ideal design machine that fully meets all technical requirements. That is why now our work will be directed to its modernization: increasing the size of the frame, a new layout of nodes, replacing the engine with a more powerful one, equipping the Cinderella with hydraulic devices, improving the power transmission and controls. Thus, "Cinderella" will help to educate a new generation of technology enthusiasts, creatively irrepressible and design-minded guys who will become excellent agricultural specialists in the near future. The universal agricultural small-sized machine USMM-2 "Cinderella" can be used at the school experimental site. in household plots, in some collective farm and state farm greenhouses, in student production teams. With its help, non-moldboard plowing, loosening, cultivation, sowing grain and vegetable crops, thinning, planting potatoes and hilling them, mowing weeds, digging holes up to 50 cm deep, transporting goods and other works are carried out.
The machine is made in the form of a kind of unified chassis with a set of various mounted and trailed working mechanisms. Depending on the nature of the work performed, the running gear of the Cinderella rests on one, two or three wheels. So, for example, when thinning beets or hilling potatoes, a one-wheeled version is used, when mowing - two-wheeled, and when transporting goods, digging holes and other work - a three-wheeled version. The machine is equipped with a Druzhba-type engine, which drives a worm gear (gear ratio 40:1). The drive shaft of the last gearbox is connected to the mower mechanism by a drive. The worm wheel shaft has two outputs, it is equipped with a ratchet clutch designed for various running gear options. Below the gearbox is a cam drum, which drives some attachments. Above the engine is a fuel tank. The control of "Cinderella" is carried out by levers planted on the handles. The latter are made sliding, consisting of a 3/4 and 1/2 inch water pipe. The height of the handles is adjustable with special brackets. Changing the length and height of the handles depends on which working mechanism is attached to the tractor. The depth of tillage is regulated by a deepening mechanism located at the rear of the machine body. It consists of a bracket with a hinged wheel and a fixing rail. In front of the machine, above the wheel, there is a box for tools and ballast, which is laid to increase the traction of the wheel with the soil.
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