Help with drowning. Occupational Safety and Health

OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
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Help with drowning. Occupational Safety and Health

Occupational Safety and Health

Occupational Safety and Health / Providing first aid to the injured

First aid drowned depends on the type of drowning. Distinguish two types of drowning: blue type (blue asphyxia), in which water fills the lungs, and pale type (white asphyxia), when water does not enter the lungs.

blue drowning type It is observed more often and occurs when a drowning person does not immediately plunge into the water, but tries to stay on its surface, while spending a lot of energy. At the same time, his breathing becomes irregular. When inhaling, he swallows a large amount of water, which overflows the stomach. This makes it difficult to breathe and increases body weight. Oxygen starvation develops - hypoxia. After the final immersion in water, a person reflexively holds his breath. Increasing hypoxia leads to loss of consciousness, causes a cyanotic skin tone. When pulmonary edema develops, foam is released from the mouth and nose, cardiac arrest occurs.
Pale type of drowning happens to those who do not try to fight for their lives and quickly go to the bottom or drown in an unconscious state. Upon contact with cold water, a sudden stop of breathing and heart occurs. Water entering the larynx causes a reflex closure of the glottis and the airways become impassable. Water does not enter the lungs.

In the blue type of drowning, after removing the victim from the water, you must first remove the water from the respiratory tract. The rescuer should place the casualty belly down on his bent knee so that the lower chest rests on it and the upper body and head hang down. With one hand, you need to press on the chin or raise the head of the victim so that the mouth is open, and with vigorous pressure (several times) on the back with the other hand, help remove water (Fig. 47).

Help with drowning
Rice. 47. Removal of water from the lungs and stomach of the victim

After stopping the outflow of water, the victim should be laid on his back, the mouth should be cleaned and artificial respiration should be started. If the victim does not have a pulse on the carotid arteries and the pupils are dilated, you should immediately begin to do an external heart massage.

With a pale type of drowning, after removing the victim from the water, resuscitation should immediately begin (artificial respiration and external heart massage).

If there are assistants, the latter at this time should rub and warm the body of the victim.

When the victim begins to breathe, he must be allowed to smell ammonia. If the victim regained consciousness, give him 20 drops of valerian tincture to drink, change into dry clothes, cover warmly, give strong tea and ensure complete rest until the arrival of medical personnel.

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