Pozistor heaters for diesel fuel. Drawing, description

PERSONAL TRANSPORT: GROUND, WATER, AIR
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Pozistor heaters for diesel fuel. Personal transport

Personal transport: land, water, air

Directory / Personal transport: land, water, air

In winter, farmers, like other owners of automotive equipment, have a lot of trouble with diesel fuel. At low temperatures, it becomes thick, the paraffin contained in it crystallizes. And this threatens to quickly clog the filters and stop the supply of fuel from the tank. As a result, the launch of diesel engines and the operation of vehicles sometimes turn into a painful problem, which they try to solve by using widely advertised expensive additives, which sometimes turn out, unfortunately, to be ineffective.

Some of the gullible and hurried turn to "experienced recipes", but ... The use of "saving" gasoline and kerosene as additives reduces the life of engines, and external torch heating of the fuel system is prohibited by safety regulations.

The more prudent ones decide to heat the fuel itself (to the temperature at which paraffin crystals disappear) with the help of special technical systems, the main source of heat in which, as a rule, are electric heaters of constant power. However, typical electric heaters in the pre-start mode significantly "plant" the batteries and, moreover, have unreliable, expensive control and protection devices that require special maintenance.

These shortcomings are absent in modern and compact (located directly in tanks and filters of car and tractor engines) posistor diesel fuel heaters - PPDT, created on the basis of semiconductor thermistors with a positive temperature coefficient of resistance.

Similar heaters were previously used only in special equipment (primarily in space). Without moving parts and complex control systems, these devices have a unique property of self-regulation and provide heating of the fuel to the required temperature within a few minutes. The resource of their continuous operation is more than 10 hours.

The high efficiency of PPDT is evidenced by the fact that the power they consume (when installed in fine and coarse filters, as well as in the fuel tank of the Bychok car) does not exceed 300 W at a voltage of 12 V. This is quite acceptable for operating the machine with normally charged batteries. Moreover, the time spent on warming up the fuel using PPDT does not exceed five minutes.

Any electrician for the maintenance of automotive equipment can install a domestic PPDT without special training. Especially - in the fuel filter (Fig. 1), which is largely facilitated by the very design of the heater, in the metal case of which semiconductor heating elements are successfully integrated, connected to the vehicle's electrical system through a starting relay. When installing such a PDDT, sealing gaskets are used between the filter cover and the housing, followed by tightening with an elongated screw (included in the delivery), supplied with a special gasket.

PTC heaters for diesel fuel
Rice. 1. PTC heater in the fuel filter: 1 - heater; 2 - gasket; 3 - screw; 4- filter cover; 5,6 - sealing gaskets; 7 - filter housing; 8 - wires

Just as simple is a typical installation of PPDT in the fuel tank of a machine or tractor (Fig. 2), where the heater is an aluminum cylinder (mesh), in which from one to six elements are built, depending on the tank capacity and fuel consumption.

PTC heaters for diesel fuel
Rice. 2. Scheme of placement of a set of posistor heaters on KamAZ: 1 - fuel tank; 2 - diesel fuel; 3 - heater in the tank; 4 - coarse filter; 5 - fine filters; 6 - heaters in fine filters; 7 - button and indicator on the instrument panel

In a car such as KamAZ, it is recommended to place several posistor heaters (Fig. 3). And the algorithm for their use is then reduced to an easy-to-remember sequence of simple actions.

PTC heaters for diesel fuel
Rice. 3. PTC heater in the fuel tank: 1 - heater; 2 - wire; 3 - tank wall; 4 - insulator; 5 - flange; 6 - suction pipe; 7 - nut

PTC heaters for diesel fuel
Rice. Fig. 4. Options for installing PPDT in the fuel tank: a - next to the filter; b - on the youth of the filter; c - on the suction pipe; g - on a branch pipe with a union nut; 1 - heater; 2 - wire; 3 - insulator

Before starting the diesel engine, the fuel heaters in the tank are turned on, and in a constant mode of operation.

Overheating is practically excluded due to the unique property of the posistor heater - the ability to self-regulate. Its semiconductor elements are gradually "locked", while reducing the current consumption to zero. PPDT in the fine filter is also included for 2-3 minutes or for continuous use.

The diesel engine is allowed to idle at an increased crankshaft speed. After the engine returns to normal mode, the heaters themselves gradually stop heating the fuel or they can be turned off.

Well, if a situation suddenly arises when the engine power starts to drop due to fuel waxing, you should immediately turn on the heaters from the cab of the car again until normal diesel operation is restored.

Install posistor diesel fuel heaters on your automotive and tractor equipment! The costs will pay off.

Authors: V.Isakov, V.Tochilin

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