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CULTURAL AND WILD PLANTS
Walnut. Legends, myths, symbolism, description, cultivation, methods of application
Directory / Cultivated and wild plants Content
Walnut, Juglans regia. Photos of the plant, basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism
Basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism Sort by: Walnut (Juglans) Family: Walnuts (Juglandaceae) Origin: The walnut is native to Southwest Asia and Central Asia. Area: The walnut is grown up in many countries of the world, including the USA, China, India, Turkey, Iran, Italy and others. Chemical composition: Walnuts are rich in nutrients, including proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals. It also contains polyphenols, carotenoids and other biologically active substances. Walnuts contain omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, which have a positive effect on human health. Economic value: The walnut is a valuable food item and is popular in cooking for adding to a variety of dishes, including baked goods, salads and sauces. It is also widely used in medicine and cosmetology due to its beneficial properties. Nut oil is used in the manufacture of soaps, creams, lotions and other cosmetic products. The walnut tree is often found in landscape design due to its beautiful shape and shading qualities. Legends, myths, symbolism: In ancient Greek mythology, Athena was associated with the god of wisdom. According to legend, the ancient Greek hero Hercules, traveling the world in search of adventure, one night spent the night in the house of a poor owner. The owner was so glad to Hercules that he treated him to the most precious thing he had - nuts. Hercules began to nibble on them and was surprised how tasty they were. He asked the owner where he got them, and he replied that they grow on trees that grow only at the farthest ends of the earth. Hercules decided that such delicious nuts should be available to everyone, and he went on a journey in search of this tree. In Chinese mythology, the walnut is associated with ancient traditions that include the use of the walnut for medicinal purposes. It also symbolizes longevity and prosperity. In Christian symbolism, the walnut is often associated with wisdom and intelligence, as well as with eternity. In medieval Europe, the walnut was used to make amulets that were worn to ward off illness and evil spirits. In general, the walnut symbolizes wealth, abundance, wisdom, knowledge and prosperity.
Walnut, Juglans regia. Description, illustrations of the plant Nut. Myths, traditions, symbolism
The shadow of a walnut tree is heavy and harmful to people and plants, says Pliny's Natural History (23-79). The nut itself, in many fairy tales and legends a vessel with mysterious blessings, plays a significant role in symbolism, since its precious content is enclosed in a hard shell. In the Jewish commentary on the Bible (Milrash ha-Nazlam), the Holy Scriptures are compared to a nut. The shell corresponds to the historical facts mentioned in it, which contain symbols and secrets. At St. Augustine (354-430) the nut represents three entities, namely the skinlike flesh of the mask, the "bones" of the shell, and the core of the soul. The face is also the flesh of Christ with the bitterness of suffering, the shell is the tree of the cross, the core is the sweet core of divine revelation, which nourishes and with its oil will also give light. The popular expression "hard nut" means a difficult task to solve, and "empty nut" means a worthless person. The symbolism in the spirit of a hidden sexual meaning (hiddenness, fertility) is evident from the custom of giving nuts for a wedding, as well as from the custom mentioned by Sextus Pompey Festus (2nd century) of throwing newlyweds with nuts (today often rice grains). In France, it is believed that a year rich in nuts portends great luck for children. Obviously, the psychological symbolic interpretation is similar. "The dream of nuts may refer to a difficult problem with a very valuable core. But much more often this fruit, comparable to rough drawings on the walls, is an image of the female genital organ" (Eppley). Author: Biedermann G.
Walnut, Juglans regia L. Botanical description, history of origin, nutritional value, cultivation, use in cooking, medicine, industry
A tree up to 30 m high, with a dense spreading crown. The leaves are elongated, pinnate. The plant is monoecious. Male flowers - large earrings, female - single or two to five in erect short inflorescences. The fruit is a false green drupe, the stone is a "nut" with a network of grooves, with a nucleus (seed) enclosed in it. Blooms in April-May. The birthplace of the walnut is Central Asia. Wild or feral walnut is still found in the republics of Central Asia and the Caucasus. It grows along streams, along gorges, on the slopes of hills and mountains, in mixed broad-leaved forests. In the Pamirs and Tien Shan, walnut forms forests. It is interesting that in ancient times the well-known walnut was in circulation instead of money. In ancient Greece, its fruits were called the acorns of the gods. It came to Russia 1000 years ago from Greece by the ancient trade route "from the Varangians to the Greeks", whence the name "Greek" came from. It is a valuable industrial culture. It is called a combine tree, since all parts of this plant are used in the national economy. Walnut is a warm and photophilous plant. It is not picky about growing conditions, but prefers warm, gentle slopes with fertile, well-moistened, non-saline soils. Trees withstand frosts down to -30 ° C, but in more severe winters they freeze, although some of them recover over time. Mature trees form a large crown, and this must be taken into account when planting. The plant nutrition area is large, from 6X 12 to 16X 16 m. The walnut is propagated by seeds, less often by budding and grafting cuttings from high-quality trees. Autumn sowing of seeds in the year of harvest leads to good germination. It is advisable to put them on edge to a depth of 10 cm. With good care, by the autumn of the second year, the tree reaches a height of 1 m and has a developed root system. To preserve varietal characteristics, the walnut is propagated vegetatively. Seedlings of walnut with a hard shell or black walnut are used as a stock. Two-three-year-old seedlings are planted in spring or autumn in a permanent place at a distance of 6-12 m from each other. In the second or third year after planting, the plants begin to form a crown. Pruning is carried out in such a way as to ensure maximum penetration of light and air into the crown. Trees begin to bear fruit at the age of four or five. Trees live mostly 60-80 years, but specimens are known that are 200 years old or more. The nuts are harvested in September-October as they ripen. They are cleaned of the outer green shell, dried under a canopy. The kernels of mature nuts contain a lot of fatty oil, proteins and more than 20 free essential amino acids; there are vitamins B1, B2, C, PP, carotene, iron, cobalt, iodine, tannins. Green, unripe walnuts contain more vitamin C than rose hips. In addition, they contain vitamins B, PP, carotene, tannins and dyes, essential oil and a very valuable volatile substance juglone.
In ancient times, doctors recommended a decoction of the green shell of the nut and nut oil pressed from the seeds for the treatment of certain eye diseases, burns, and wounds. And at present, the medicinal properties of the nut are widely used. All parts of the plant are medicinal. The nuclei have a general strengthening effect. They are included in the diet of people with high or low acidity of gastric juice, with hypo- and avitaminosis, cobalt and iron deficiency, for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases, with malaria; they improve liver function. Thanks to the fiber and fatty oil contained in the kernel, nuts increase intestinal motility, so they are especially useful for older people. The therapeutic effect of green nuts is also known. They are used to prepare jam, which has fastening and phytoncidal properties. Walnut oil is used as a wound healing, laxative, antihelminthic and diuretic. Walnut leaves also have a healing effect. Especially useful are young leaves with a balsamic smell, collected before the fruit ripens. They are used fresh, as during drying they turn black and lose their beneficial properties. A decoction and infusion of water and oil helps with chronic eczema, exudative diathesis, purulent wounds, diseases of the mouth and throat, to strengthen and grow hair. Preparations from the leaves stimulate appetite, have astringent, mild laxative and antihelminthic effects. Leaves, green shell, and sometimes green nuts are used to obtain vitamin concentrates. Leaves due to phytoncidal properties kill pathogenic microbes and heal the air, repel flies, mosquitoes, midges. Even seed partitions are used: in folk medicine, a tincture of them is used for diabetes mellitus and thyroid diseases (thyrotoxicosis), colitis, joint diseases. The nutritional value of the walnut, which is characterized by high calorie content and dietary properties, is very high. In terms of nutritional value, the nut surpasses all other nut fruits, approaching butter. Nuts are an invariable component of many national dishes of meat, poultry, red beans, eggs, dough. They are used to make sweets, cakes, cookies, various fillings. A very tasty halva is produced from nut cake. The tannins used in leather processing are extracted from the nut peel. Fertilizers are obtained from the nut shell, roofing felt, linoleum, emery wheels, activated carbon are made. Very persistent natural dyes are obtained from leaves, shoots, bark, roots. Walnut wood has a beautiful pattern, well polished. It is used to make musical instruments, art products, plywood, which is used for the production of high-quality furniture. Walnut is an ornamental plant. It is planted in parks and along roadsides. Thanks to a powerful root system, the walnut tree is used to fix ravines. Authors: Kretsu L.G., Domashenko L.G., Sokolov M.D.
Walnut, Juglans regia L. Botanical description, distribution, chemical composition, features of use
Nut family - Juglandaceae. Tree up to 30 m high, with dark gray cracking bark. The leaves are large, pinnate, with five to nine entire or slightly toothed, blunt or pointed leaflets at the apex. Staminate flowers are collected in earrings; pistillate - single or collected in a brush. The fruit is a naked green drupe. Seed with a dense wrinkled shell, with blunt ribs on the sides. Blooms in April - May. The fruits ripen in August - September. Eurasian look. In the wild, it is found in the Pamir-Altai, in Central Asia, in the Tien Shan, it is cultivated in Central Asia, in the Caucasus, throughout Ukraine. The fruit kernels contain 60-76% fatty oil belonging to the drying group, iron salts, cobalt, vitamins - thiamine, ascorbic acid, tocopherol, rutin, 12-21% protein, up to 7% carbohydrates. Fatty oil consists of glycerides of linoleic, linolenic, stearic, palmitic acids. In the shell of unripe fruits, up to 3% ascorbic acid, 25% tannins, there is carotene, as well as a dye juglone, which has bactericidal properties. P-sitosterol was isolated from the seed coat. Hydrojuglone, easily oxidized to juglone, flavonoids, 3-4% tannins, carotenoids, up to 0,03 carotene, up to 5% ascorbic acid were found in the leaves (leaves collected in May are not inferior to rose hips in this quality), 0,03 % essential oil. There are table and technical varieties of walnut. In the fruits of table forms, a higher content of carbohydrates is noted, they are tastier; in the fruits of technical forms, there is more fat (sometimes up to 80%), fewer carbohydrates, and they are less palatable. Walnut kernels are distinguished by good taste and high nutritional value (1 kg of fruit provides more than 8500 calories). In terms of calories and digestibility, walnuts are not inferior to animal products, 20-25 nuts are enough to satisfy the daily need for fats. Ripe kernels are used for fresh and calcined food, in the production of confectionery, soft drinks, and in the alcoholic beverage industry. Fatty oil from the kernels has nutritional value and is used in technology and the perfume industry. Having the ability to dissolve essential oils, fatty nut oil serves to extract the most valuable essential oils from plant parts - orange, violet, rose, etc. By the amount of ascorbic acid, walnuts are 8 times higher than blackcurrants and 50 times higher than citrus fruits. A ton of nuts is enough to meet the daily requirement of 300 people for this vitamin. Vitamin concentrates are obtained from the shell of unripe fruits and leaves. From unripe fruits in the phase of formation of the gelatinous nucleus, jam is cooked, which is a dietary and medicinal product. The kernel of a mature nut is recommended to be included in the diet of patients with diabetes and atherosclerosis, since its oil is rich in linolenic acid, which lowers cholesterol in the blood serum. Patients with high acidity of gastric juice are recommended to eat 25-100 g of fruit kernels daily. Preparations from mature nuclei are indicated for chronic mercury poisoning, green nuts are an effective remedy for gastric colic, dyspepsia. Fruits are recommended for dietary restorative nutrition after serious illnesses and to improve digestion. The healing properties of walnuts have been known since ancient times. In the XNUMXth century military doctors used its leaves as a wound healing agent. In modern domestic and foreign medicine, leaves collected in spring and early summer, as well as the pericarp of unripe fruits harvested in August, are widely used. An aqueous extract from the leaves and pericarp has a therapeutic effect in some forms of tuberculosis of the skin, larynx, tuberculous lymphadenitis. Nut oil promotes healing of wounds and skin lesions. It is used to treat conjunctivitis and inflammation of the middle ear, and in the past was prescribed as a laxative and antihelminthic.
In folk medicine, walnut leaves and pericarp have long been used for scurvy, as an astringent and analgesic for rheumatism, some gynecological diseases, diseases of the kidneys, heart and bladder, as a diaphoretic, wound healing and anti-inflammatory agent for furunculosis, frostbite, stomatitis, tonsillitis, as an anthelmintic against roundworms, with bleeding (hemorrhoidal, ulcerative, from the gums), with atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus (reduces sugar in the urine), as a tonic for beriberi, acne and other skin diseases and metabolic disorders - allergies, rickets, exudative diathesis, inflammation of the lymph nodes. The shell of the fruit was used for hypertension; the leaves were recommended for excessive milk production in lactating women; root bark, collected in the fall, - as a mild laxative. Fresh leaves have insecticidal and phytoncidal properties, they are used to control moths of fruit trees. Leaves and pericarp dye hair dark. In the perfume industry, nut oil processing products are used. Walnut is a good perganos, provides a lot of nutritious pollen. It is highly valued as a durable decorative species in landscape gardening construction, used in forest reclamation and field protection plantations. Walnut has proven itself as a "purifier" of the air, as a dust-, drought-, gas-resistant, windproof and volatile plant. Authors: Dudchenko L.G., Kozyakov A.S., Krivenko V.V.
Walnut, Juglans regia L. Botanical description of the plant, areas of growth and ecology, economic importance, applications
Genus Walnut Juglans (Juglans L.), Walnut family (Juglandaceae Lindl.), includes 40 species. Species of the genus grow in subtropical and temperate regions of the northern hemisphere. Plants of this genus are large deciduous trees with complex pinnate leaves. Plants are monoecious, with dioecious flowers. Pistillate flowers are located at the ends of annual growths, and staminate in the form of axillary catkins - in the middle of growth. Pollination by wind, cross. The fruit is a drupe, the immature pericarp is fleshy, inedible, dries and cracks when ripe, and a lignified endocarp (nut shell) is released with an edible seed - the nut kernel. Many species are used in ornamental gardening. The life expectancy of trees is 200-400 years or more. Valuable crops are various types of walnuts. Walnut in the wild is distributed in Asia Minor, Western and Central Asia, as well as in China, Japan and the Korean Peninsula. It has been cultivated since time immemorial in areas of natural growth, as well as far beyond the natural range. World production amounted to 843 thousand tons in 1988. The leading countries are walnut producers Mexico, China, Turkey, Ukraine, Moldova, Romania, Yugoslavia, Italy, India, Greece, Bulgaria. The whole variety of walnut forms is combined into botanical varieties of large-fruited, thin-skinned dessert, almond-shaped, carpal, late-flowering, hard-shelled. burl. Walnut seed contains from 50 to 77% fatty oil, 17% protein, 16% carbohydrates, a small amount of water, 0,3 mg 100 g of vitamin B, traces of vitamins A and B2, vitamins K, E, C. 7 times higher than beef. Fruit oil is rich in unsaturated fatty acids linolenic, linoleic, oleic. After squeezing the oil from the cake, tahini and koskhalva are prepared. Cake contains many essential amino acids, especially lysine. Of the minerals, especially a lot of potassium, phosphorus and sulfur; from trace elements - iodine and zinc. The walnut begins to bear fruit at the age of 5-10 years, some forms bear fruit at the age of 3-4 years and even at the one-year-old (Ideal variety). The walnut is characterized by annual fruiting, the maximum fruiting falls on a period of 50-100 years, the yield per tree reaches 100-500 kg or more. Authors: Baranov V.D., Ustimenko G.V.
Walnut, Voloshsky nut. reference Information
A tree up to 30 m high of the walnut family. The birthplace of the walnut is the Balkans. It grows wild in the mountainous regions of Central Asia. The walnut was brought to Russia from Greece by the ancient trade route "from the Varangians to the Greeks", from where its name came from. Widely cultivated in the Caucasus, Ukraine, Moldova, Central Asia. The fruit is a dry drupe (nut) of a rounded or oblong-rounded shape. The outer pericarp is fleshy, green in color, the inner (shell) is woody. The kernels of the fruits contain 60-76% fatty oil belonging to the drying group, minerals (iron, cobalt salts), vitamins B1, P, E, C, K, 12-21% protein, up to 7% carbohydrates. Fatty oil consists of glycerides, citric, linolenic, stearic, palmitic acids. In the shell of unripe fruits, up to 3% of vitamin C, 25% of tannins, there is carotene, as well as a dye juglone, which has bactericidal properties. 3-sitosterol was isolated from the seed coat. Hydrouglon was found in the leaves, easily oxidized to juglone, flavonoids, 3-4% tannins, carotenoids, up to 30 mg% carotene, up to 5% vitamin C (according to the content of carotene and vitamin C, leaves, collected in May, are not inferior to wild rose), 0,03% essential oil. There are table and technical varieties of walnut. The fruits of table forms contain more carbohydrates, they are tastier, in the fruits of technical forms there is more fat (sometimes up to 80%), less carbohydrates. The composition of free amino acids of fruits includes asparagium, cystine, glutamine, serine, histidine, valine, phenylalanine. Walnut kernels are tasty and highly nutritious (a kilogram of fruit provides more than 8500 calories). In terms of calories and digestibility, walnuts are not inferior to animal products: 20-25 nuts are enough to satisfy the daily need for fats. Ripe kernels are used in food fresh and fried, in cooking and confectionery. Fatty oil from the kernels has nutritional value, it is used for the manufacture of special carcasses, soaps, fragrances, high-quality paints and varnishes, in the printing industry and as a lubricant for electronic devices. Having the ability to dissolve essential oils, fatty nut oil serves to extract the most valuable essential oils from plant parts - orange, violet, rose, etc. The amount of vitamin C in walnuts is 8 times greater than that of black currants and 50 times greater than citrus fruits. A ton of nuts is enough to meet the daily vitamin C requirement of 300 people. Vitamin concentrates are obtained from the shell of unripe fruits and leaves. From unripe fruits in the phase of formation of the gelatinous nucleus, jam is cooked - a dietary and medicinal product. The kernel of a mature nut is recommended to be included in the diet of patients with diabetes and atherosclerosis - its oil is rich in linolenic acid, which reduces cholesterol in the blood serum. Patients with high acidity of gastric juice are recommended to eat 25-100 g of fruit kernels daily. Preparations from mature nuclei are used for chronic mercury poisoning, green nuts are an effective remedy for gastric colic, dyspepsia. Fruits are recommended for dietary restorative nutrition after serious illnesses and to improve digestion. The healing properties of walnuts have been known since ancient times. In the XNUMXth century military doctors used its leaves as a wound healing agent. In modern domestic and foreign medicine, leaves collected in spring and early summer, as well as the pericarp of unripe fruits harvested in August, are widely used. Chemical tests have shown that an aqueous extract from the leaves and pericarp has a therapeutic effect in some forms of tuberculosis of the skin, larynx, tuberculous lymphadenitis. Until recently, carnon and juglone preparations were obtained from the pericarp, which were used for skin tuberculosis, ringworm, eczema, allergies, streptococcal and staphylococcal skin diseases and other skin diseases. Juglone has a bactericidal effect. Nut oil promotes healing of wounds and skin lesions. It is used to treat conjunctivitis and inflammation of the middle ear, and in the past was prescribed as a laxative and antihelminthic. In folk medicine, leaves and pericarp have long been used for scurvy, intestinal catarrh and diarrhea, toothache, rheumatism, gout, some gynecological diseases, diseases of the kidneys, heart and bladder, as a diaphoretic, wound healing and anti-inflammatory for the treatment of wounds, ulcers, boils, with frostbite, stomatitis, tonsillitis, as an anthelmintic against roundworms, with bleeding hemorrhoidal, ulcerative, from the gums, with atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus (reduces the percentage of sugar in the urine), as a tonic for beriberi, with acne and other skin diseases and metabolic disorders substances - allergies, rickets, exudative diathesis, inflammation of the lymph nodes; fruit shells were used for hypertension; the leaves were recommended for excessive milk production in lactating women; root bark, collected in the fall, - as a gentle laxative. Fresh leaves have insecticidal and phytoncidal properties, they are used to control moths of fruit trees. Leaves and pericarp dye hair dark. The cake obtained after pressing the oil is a valuable food product (contains more than 40% protein and about 10% fat), it is also fed to farm animals, primarily poultry. Walnut is a good perganos, it provides a lot of nutritious pollen. It is highly valued as a long-term ornamental species in landscaping construction, used in forest reclamation and field-protective plantings. Walnut has proven itself as an air "purifier": it is a dust-, drought-, gas-resistant and windproof plant. Similarly, Manchurian walnut and gray walnut are used as food fruits. The Manchurian walnut fruits are dark brown, cigar-shaped, up to 5 cm long, very thick-skinned. The seed is small, rich in oil. The kernel yield is only 15% of the mass of the nut. The gray walnut fruits are elongated ovoid, dark brown, with a very thick shell and a small kernel rich in oil. There is information in the literature about the presence in the shell and leaves of black walnut substances that have antitumor activity in experiments on spontaneous and transplanted animal tumors. Authors: Dudnichenko L.G., Krivenko V.V.
Walnut. Application in cosmetology
With a decoction of walnut shells, hair is dyed a soft chestnut color. The skin is tinted with an aqueous extract from the falling lobules of the pericarp to obtain a pleasant (such as a dense uniform tan) color. Author: Reva M.L.
Walnut, Juglans regia. Recipes for use in traditional medicine and cosmetology
Ethnoscience:
Cosmetology:
Attention! Before use, consult with a specialist!
Walnut, Juglans regia. Tips for growing, harvesting and storing
The walnut (Juglans regia) is a large tree grown for its delicious and nutritious nuts. Tips for growing, harvesting and storing walnuts: Cultivation:
Workpiece:
Storage:
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