Basic concepts and definitions of disaster medicine. OBZhD

BASICS OF SAFE LIFE
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Basic concepts and definitions of disaster medicine. Basics of safe life

Fundamentals of Safe Life Activities (OBZhD)

Catastrophe - this is a sudden event as a result of human actions or a dangerous natural phenomenon, resulting in numerous human casualties (dead and injured), disruption of vital processes, significant material damage, destruction of the environment, as a result of which an emergency situation may arise.

Emergency (ES) - this is the situation in a certain territory that has developed as a result of an accident, a natural hazard, a catastrophe, a natural or other disaster that may or have caused human casualties, damage to human health or the environment, significant material losses and violation of people's living conditions.

Emergency Prevention is a set of measures taken in advance and aimed at minimizing the risk of emergencies, as well as preserving people's health, reducing damage to the environment and material losses.

Liquidation of emergencies - these are emergency rescue and other urgent work carried out in the event of an emergency and aimed at saving lives and preserving people's health, reducing damage to the environment and material losses, as well as localizing emergency zones, stopping the action of their characteristic hazardous factors.

Emergency zone - This is the territory in which the emergency has developed.

Disaster medicine - this is a branch of medicine, which is a system of scientific knowledge and a sphere of practical activity aimed at saving lives and preserving the health of the population in case of accidents, catastrophes, natural disasters and epidemics; prevention and treatment of lesions (diseases) that have arisen in emergency situations; preservation and restoration of the health of participants in the liquidation of emergency situations.

All-Russian Service for Disaster Medicine (VSMK) - a functional subsystem of the Unified State System for the Prevention and Elimination of Consequences of Emergencies, which functionally unites the services of disaster medicine of the Ministry of Health of Russia, the Ministry of Defense of Russia, as well as the forces and means of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia, the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia and other federal executive authorities designed to eliminate the medical and sanitary consequences of emergencies .

Readiness of VSMK to liquidate the medical and sanitary consequences of emergencies - this is the ability of the governing bodies, formations and institutions of the All-Russian Service for Disaster Medicine to carry out activities in the prescribed volume in accordance with the modes of its activities and with the prevailing situation.

Comprehensive protection of the population in an emergency - a set of interrelated activities in terms of content, time, resources and venue aimed at preventing or reducing losses of the population and the threat to their life and health in an emergency.

Elimination of the health consequences of an emergency - this is a complex of organizational, medical-evacuation, sanitary-hygienic and anti-epidemic measures, as well as measures for the medical protection of the population and personnel participating in the work to eliminate an emergency, carried out in the outbreak, zone, area of the emergency with the aim of: saving the lives of the affected (sick); the fastest recovery of their health; reducing the adverse impact on the health of the population of the conditions that have developed during the emergency; preventing the emergence and spread of infectious diseases; maintaining the health and working capacity of the personnel involved in the liquidation of an emergency.

All-Russian Center for Disaster Medicine "Protection" (VTsMK "Protection") - is the leading scientific and practical state institution of the Ministry of Health of Russia on the problems of the disaster medicine service. Created in accordance with Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 420 dated May 03.05.94, XNUMX "On protecting the life and health of the population of the Russian Federation in the event of the occurrence and elimination of the consequences of emergencies caused by natural disasters, accidents and catastrophes" on the basis of the Specialized Center for Emergency Medical Aid "Protection" of the Ministry of Health Russia.

Organization of the All-Russian Service for Disaster Medicine (VSMK Organization) - This is the All-Russian Service for Disaster Medicine; organized at 5 levels: federal, regional, territorial, local and facility.

Stricken - a person who has health problems as a result of exposure to damaging factors.

injured - a person who has suffered material, moral damage or has received a mental disorder as a result of an emergency.

Emergency medical assistance - assistance provided to the injured in the shortest possible time in case of life-threatening and health-threatening injuries and sudden illnesses.

Authors: Aizman R.I., Krivoshchekov S.G.

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