Orientation by the sun, moon, stars. OBZhD

BASICS OF SAFE LIFE
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Orientation by the sun, moon, stars. Basics of safe life

Fundamentals of Safe Life Activities (OBZhD)

Orientation without a map and compass allows you to determine the sides of the horizon with the help of celestial bodies and some local objects.

Orientation by the clock and the sun

To do this, the hour hand is directed towards the sun: with this position of the clock, the bisector of the angle between the hour hand and the number 2 on the dial (in the period from October to March - the number 1) will indicate the approximate direction to the south (Fig. 6.21.). The clock must be in local time. The accuracy of orientation by this method in summer is low. The error can reach 20-25°.

Orientation by sun, moon, stars
Rice. 6.21. Orientation by sun and clock (for the winter half of the year)

Polaris Orientation

The direction to the North Star is determined as follows. Through the two extreme stars of the "ladle" of the Big Dipper, a straight line is mentally drawn, on which a fivefold distance between these stars is plotted. At the end of the fifth segment is the North Star, which accurately points (errors less than 2 °) to the north (Fig. 6.22).

Orientation by sun, moon, stars
Rice. 6.22. Polaris Orientation

moon orientation

For approximate orientation, it is useful to know that in the summer in the first quarter the moon at 20 o'clock is in the south, at 2 o'clock in the morning - in the west, in the last quarter at 2 o'clock in the morning - in the east, at eight in the morning - in the south. At a full moon at night, the sides of the horizon are determined in the same way as by the sun and the clock, and the moon is taken as the sun.

Author: Mikhailov L.A.

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Ambulance notification 20.01.2017

The sirens of ambulances, as well as rescue vehicles, are designed to be loud enough so that even drivers far away can hear them and give way in time. However, some drivers have a habit of playing the music at full volume, and they enjoy the peals of it, blissfully unaware that they interfere with the movement of the ambulance.

In a situation where a person's life depends on the timely arrival of doctors and every second is precious, such behavior can lead to disaster.

Students at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm have developed the technology that will be fitted to ambulances in Sweden. With its help, you can stop the playback of music in cars moving nearby and notify by voice (via an FM tuner with Radio Data System (RDS)) about the approach of an ambulance, so that drivers can “snuggle up” to the side of the road in time, giving way to it. In addition, a text warning about the approach of an ambulance is displayed on the dashboard display in the car.

"Often, drivers have only a few seconds to react and give way to an emergency vehicle," says Mikael Erneberg, one of the creators of the system, dubbed the EVAM System. "The optimal warning time is 10 to 15 seconds."

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