Extreme emergency situations in railway transport. OBZhD

BASICS OF SAFE LIFE
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Extreme emergency situations in railway transport. Basics of safe life

Fundamentals of Safe Life Activities (OBZhD)

Passenger using services railroad, is located in a zone of increased emergency danger. The complex system of railway production includes technological zones in which people must be especially prudent.

Technological hazard zones on the railway are stages, invisible zones, railway tracks and crossings, stations, boarding platforms and the car itself, in which the passenger travels. In addition, it should be borne in mind that dangerous goods are transported by rail - from fuel and oil products to radioactive waste. In this regard, the danger may arise not only from a direct accident, but also from entering the danger zone formed as a result of an accident at other facilities.

Possible emergencies that pose the greatest danger to human life and health are train wrecks and fires. They arise, as a rule, as a result of a malfunction of the rolling stock and track facilities, violations of the rules for using means of transport, traffic safety and fire safety rules.

A great danger to passengers is a fire or a fire in the car. This danger is exacerbated by the concentration of a large number of people in a confined space, the remoteness of the car from fire departments, the rapid rise in temperature in the fire with the formation of toxic gases and the difficulty of evacuating passengers, especially on hauls at night.

To ensure the fire safety of passengers, in addition to primary fire extinguishing equipment, modern-built carriages are equipped with Tesla fire alarm systems and emergency exits - two each in the side windows of the 3rd and 6th passenger compartments from the side of the transverse sofas. To inform passengers about emergency exits, there is an inscription on the wall near the electric boiler: "The carriage is equipped with additional exits through windows 3 and 6 of the compartment." In addition, near each lowered window, next to the lever for opening, an inscription-instruction was made: "In the event of an accident, turn the handle towards you as far as it will go (having previously torn off the seal). Press the window latch handle away from you." Such a measure allows the passenger, acting on the lever, to lower the window frames and completely free the opening measuring 660 × 1020 mm in order to leave the car.

The power supply system is a constant danger: all elements of the power supply (both inside the train and outside) require special attention and care. Accidents during power supply are dangerous by electric shock to people, and are also the cause of a fire. It is especially dangerous if, as a result of an accident, the wires of the power line are at the bottom, since damage can occur not only from direct contact, but also from step voltage.

The rules of conduct in extreme emergency situations in transport are based on knowledge of the possible causes of their occurrence and consequences. Reasonable, enterprising, decisive and competent actions, the ability to overcome fear and control oneself give a chance to get out of the accident with the least losses, in any case, reduce the degree of extremeness. Force yourself to remain calm and not do anything that might disorganize those around you. If nothing serious happened to you, help those around you.

In case of sudden braking, beware of injuries to the limbs, head, chest, group, take a fixed position. Beware of falling things.

In case of fire, act according to the rules of conduct discussed in the previous chapter, based on specific circumstances.

In case of emergency evacuation from the car, do not fuss, do not interfere, take only the most necessary with you. Leave bulky things that may impede quick evacuation and block the road on the way to the exit in place in the car, use the emergency exits designed for emergency situations. Help passengers with children, the elderly, the disabled. When leaving the car through the side doors and emergency exits, be especially careful not to get hit by an oncoming train. If you need to jump from a height, look around, choose a place to land, group your body.

It is best to avoid accidents, and for this you should remember and follow simple, accessible to everyone rules of conduct.

Rules of conduct and safety measures while in the area of railway transport:

1) when driving along railway tracks, one should not come closer than 5 m to the outermost rail;

2) on electrified sections it is impossible to climb the supports, touch them and the slopes leading from the support to the rails, electric wires lying on the ground;

3) to cross railway tracks only in designated places, while using pedestrian bridges, tunnels, crossings, and where there are none, on decks and in places where signs "Crossing the tracks" are installed. Before crossing the tracks on the pedestrian flooring, it is necessary to make sure that there is no moving rolling stock on the adjacent tracks and only after that continue the crossing;

4) when crossing the tracks, in no case crawl under the wagons and climb over the automatic couplers;

5) when approaching a railway crossing, one should carefully monitor the light and sound signaling, as well as the position of the barrier. It is possible to cross the tracks only with an open barrier, and in its absence - after making sure that there is no nearby rolling stock;

6) while waiting for a train, you can not arrange outdoor games on the platform, run next to the car of a moving train, stand closer than 2 m from the edge of the platform while the train is passing without stopping;

7) the car should be approached only after the train has come to a complete stop;

8) boarding a wagon or exiting a wagon shall be carried out only from the side of the platform or boarding platform. At the same time, be especially careful, as you can get into the gap between the landing area of the car and the platform;

9) during the movement of the train, it is forbidden to open the outer doors of the vestibule, stand on the steps and transitional platforms, and lean out of the windows of the car;

10) when the train stops on the haul, it is not recommended to get out of the car;

11) in order to avoid injuries from arbitrary movement of unsecured doors in compartment cars during sudden shocks, compartment doors should be locked in extreme positions (fully open or closed) with locks;

12) it is prohibited to use open flames and household appliances in the wagons powered by the wagon electrical network;

13) it is prohibited to transport flammable and explosive substances;

14) having taken your place in the car, you need to familiarize yourself with the scheme for evacuating passengers in case of emergency;

15) if you feel insecure on the top bunk, ask the conductor to move you to the bottom bunk or provide seat belts.

Authors: Ivanyukov M.I., Alekseev V.S.

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