National security and national interests of Russia. OBZhD

BASICS OF SAFE LIFE
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National security and national interests of Russia. Fundamentals of safe life

Fundamentals of Safe Life Activities (OBZhD)

Russia is one of the largest countries in the world with rich historical and cultural traditions. Its economic, scientific, technical and military potential, unique geographical position on the Eurasian continent allow the Russian Federation to play an important role in the modern world. Objectively, the common interests of Russia and other states on many security issues remain, including countering the proliferation of weapons, combating terrorism and drug trafficking, solving environmental problems and ensuring nuclear security. At the same time, a number of states are stepping up efforts aimed at weakening Russia as a whole and its influence on international politics.

The basic concepts of Russia's national security are formulated in Concepts of national security of the Russian Federation, approved by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of January 10, 2000 No. 24.

Under national security Russia understands the security of its multinational people as the bearer of sovereignty and the only source of power in the Russian Federation.

National interests Russia is a set of balanced interests of the individual, society and the state in the economic, domestic political, social, international, informational, military, border, environmental and other spheres (Table 6). These interests are of a long-term nature and determine the strategic goals and current tasks of the domestic and foreign policy of the Russian Federation.

Table 6. National interests of the Russian Federation in some economic and political spheres

National security and national interests of Russia

The most important component of the national interests of Russia is the protection of the individual, society and the state from terrorism, natural and man-made emergencies and their consequences, and in wartime - from the dangers arising from the conduct of hostilities or as a result of these actions.

Threat to Russia's national security

Today there are three types of threats to the national security of the Russian Federation: external, internal and cross-border.

External threats include:

deployment of groupings of armed forces and assets near the borders of the Russian Federation and its allies;
territorial claims to the Russian Federation, threats of rejection of certain territories from the Russian Federation;
interference in the internal affairs of the Russian Federation by foreign states;
buildup of troop groupings leading to disruption of the existing balance of forces near the borders of the Russian Federation;
armed provocations, including attacks on Russian military facilities located on the territory of foreign states, as well as on facilities and structures on the State Border of the Russian Federation and the borders of its allies;
actions hindering Russia's access to strategically important transport communications;
discrimination, non-observance of the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of citizens of the Russian Federation in some foreign states.

Internal threats include:

attempts to forcibly change the constitutional order and violate the territorial integrity of Russia;
planning, preparation and implementation of actions to disrupt and disrupt the functioning of public authorities and administration, attacks on state, economic and military facilities, life support facilities and information infrastructure;
creation, equipping, training and activities of illegal armed formations;
illegal distribution on the territory of the Russian Federation of weapons, ammunition and explosives;
large-scale organized crime activities that threaten political stability in some regions of the Russian Federation;
activities of separatist and radical religious national movements.

Cross-border threats are manifested in the following:

the creation, equipping and training of armed formations and groups on the territory of other states for the purpose of their transfer for operations on the territory of Russia;
the activities of subversive separatist, national or religious extremist groups supported from abroad, aimed at undermining the constitutional order of Russia, creating a threat to its territorial integrity and the security of its citizens;
cross-border crime, including smuggling and other illegal activities on an alarming scale;
conducting informational actions hostile to the Russian Federation;
drug trafficking activities that create a threat of drug penetration into the territory of Russia or the use of its territory for the transit of drugs to other countries;
activities of international terrorist organizations.

Ensuring the national interests of Russia

Ensuring the national security and national interests of Russia is carried out in the political, economic, humanitarian and military fields. It is closely connected with Russia's place in the system of global military-political relations, which today are characterized by a combination of two main trends. On the one hand, there is a desire to form a new, more just and democratic system of international economic and political relations. On the other hand, the practice of using armed force based on national decisions outside the UN mandate is expanding.

Under these conditions, the importance of military force remains as an instrument of foreign policy to ensure the national security of Russia, which consistently advocates the creation of a system of international relations in which the significance of military force will be minimized, and its functions will be reduced to the task of containing armed conflicts.

The most important aspect that determines approaches to ensuring the national security of the Russian Federation is the relationship of our country with the most significant elements of the modern system of international relations. First of all, these include the United Nations and the UN Security Council, the Commonwealth of Independent States, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and the European Union (EU), the Strategic Partnership between Russia and the United States, the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO).

The United Nations and the UN Security Council are viewed by Russia as a central element that ensures global stability in the world. The reduction of their role and the transition to the use of the armed forces on the basis of national decisions are assessed by Russia as a trend that in the long term is capable of creating a serious threat to our national interests.

Relations with the CIS countries are the most important direction of foreign policy for Russia. Our country strives to further develop military-political cooperation within the Commonwealth.

Russia's relations with NATO are determined by the Rome Declaration of 2001. The Russian Federation counts on the complete elimination of direct and indirect components of an anti-Russian orientation from military planning and from the political declarations of the member countries of the North Atlantic bloc. However, if NATO is to continue as a military alliance with today's offensive military doctrine, this will require a fundamental restructuring of Russian military planning and organizational principles of the Russian Armed Forces, including changes in our nuclear strategy.

Russia is ready to expand cooperation with the United States in the political, military-political and economic spheres, as well as in the sphere of ensuring strategic stability and dismantling the legacy of the Cold War. Our country supports the US efforts to combat international terrorism.

The Shanghai Cooperation Organization plays an important role in ensuring regional stability in Central Asia and the Far East region. Cooperation with this organization is aimed at creating a zone of peace and stability in the southeast and far east, which would rule out the emergence of a large-scale military threat.

The current geopolitical situation in the world is such that ensuring the national security of Russia only through political opportunities (membership in international organizations, partnerships, etc.) becomes insufficient. Neutralization of external, internal and cross-border threats to the national security of Russia is increasingly becoming the main function of the military organization of the state, therefore the importance of military force as an instrument for ensuring the national interests and security of Russia is not only preserved, but also increasing.

Authors: Smirnov A.T., Shakhramanyan M.A., Durnev R.A., Kryuchek N.A.

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