Where is the coldest place in the universe? Detailed answer

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Where is the coldest place in the universe? Detailed answer

Big encyclopedia for children and adults

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Where is the coldest place in the universe?

In Finland.

In 2000, a team of scientists from the Helsinki University of Technology cooled a piece of rhodium to just ten billionths of a degree above absolute zero (-273°C).

Rhodium is a rare metal primarily used in automotive exhaust gas aftertreatment.

The second "coldest" place is occupied by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. In 2003, the research team of this institution, led by Wolfgang Ketterle, succeeded in obtaining extremely cold sodium gas.

In 2001, Ketterle was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for his work on the Bose-Einstein condensate, a new state of aggregation in which matter exists only at temperatures close to absolute zero. Ketterle's interest in science was awakened at an early age - when he had fun with Lego blocks.

Such low temperatures obtained in laboratory conditions are an outstanding achievement. Indeed, even in deep space, outside the solar system, the temperature practically does not fall below minus 245 degrees Celsius.

The only known exception is the Boomerang Nebula, discovered by Australian astronomers in 1979. By the way, she really looks like a boomerang (or maybe a bow tie). At the very center of the nebula lies a dying star, three times the mass of our Sun.

For the past 1500 years, the Boomerang Nebula has been emitting gas in the form of wind blowing at 500 km/h. Just as the air we exhale cools, so does the gas squeezed out of the nebula. The gas is two degrees colder than the space in which it subsequently expands. Due to the rapid expansion of the gas molecules, the nebulae cooled to -000 ° C, which is the lowest officially recorded natural temperature in nature.

The lowest temperature in the solar system, -235 ° C, measured in 1989 by the Voyager II spacecraft on the surface of Triton (one of the two moons of the planet Neptune), is a slight chill in comparison. And the lowest temperature ever recorded on Earth, -89,2 ° C, in Antarctica, in 1983, is the real tropics.

Research in the field of low temperatures is extremely important for the study of superconductors - materials that have zero electrical resistance, but at the same time (at least until now) work only at very low temperatures.

If humanity could harness superconductors, they would completely change the world around us.

Thanks to them, the computing power of computers would increase dramatically and at the same time both the cost of electricity and the emissions of gases responsible for the greenhouse effect would be significantly reduced. We would have a vehicle capable of moving without fuel, an alternative way to look inside the human body without the use of harmful X-rays, and an electronic bomb - a weapon that disables an enemy's electronic equipment without the need to kill anyone.

Author: John Lloyd, John Mitchinson

Random interesting fact from the Great Encyclopedia:

How many years after the invention of cans were can openers introduced?

The method of food preservation was invented in 1772 in the Netherlands, and by the 1820s, tin cans were common in Europe and the United States. However, they were supposed to be opened with improvised means, for example, with a hammer and a chisel. The first can opener was patented in 1855, 40 years later knives with a rotating wheel appeared, and only in 1925 the American company Star Can Opener added a second wheel. It was this design that turned out to be the most successful and is used with minor changes in most modern openers.

Test your knowledge! Did you know...

▪ How did forks come about?

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