Industrial vibration and its impact on humans. OBZhD

BASICS OF SAFE LIFE
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Industrial vibration and its impact on humans. Basics of safe life

Fundamentals of Safe Life Activities (OBZhD)

Vibration - These are small mechanical vibrations that occur in elastic bodies under the influence of variable forces. The impact of vibration on the human body is determined by the level of vibration velocity and vibration acceleration, the range of operating frequencies, and the individual characteristics of a person. The value of 5 h 108 m/s was taken as the zero level of vibration velocity, the value of 3 h 104 m/s was taken as the zero level of oscillatory acceleration, calculated according to the sensitivity threshold of the organism.

According to the method of transmission to a person, vibration is divided into general, transmitted through the supporting surfaces to the body of a sitting or standing person; local, transmitted through human hands. Prolonged exposure to vibrations leads to vibration disease, a fairly common occupational disease. It is important to know that in the course of a vibrational disease, four stages are distinguished depending on the degree of damage. In the first, initial stage, the symptoms are insignificant: mild pain in the hands, a decrease in the threshold of vibrational sensitivity, spasm of capillaries, pain in the muscles of the shoulder girdle.

In the second stage, pain in the upper limbs intensifies, sensitivity is disturbed, the temperature decreases and the skin of the hands turns blue, sweating appears. Provided that vibration is excluded at the first and second stages, the treatment is effective and the changes are reversible. The third and fourth stages are characterized by intense pain in the hands, a sharp decrease in the temperature of the hands. There are changes in the nervous system, endocrine system, vascular changes. Violations become generalized, spasms of cerebral vessels and heart vessels are observed. Patients suffer from dizziness, headaches and chest pains, the changes are persistent and irreversible.

It is worth noting such a phenomenon as the resonance of the human body or its individual organs, which occurs under the influence of external forces when the natural vibration frequencies of the internal organs coincide with the frequencies of external forces. Vision especially suffers from resonance, as visual perceptions are disturbed.

The main measure of protection against vibration is vibration isolation of the vibration source. An example is automobile and wagon springs.

Vibro-active units are installed on vibration isolators (spring, elastic gaskets, pneumatic devices, etc.), which protect the foundation from impacts.

Sanitary norms and rules regulate the maximum permissible levels of vibration, measures to reduce vibration and treatment and preventive measures. Sanitary rules provide for limiting the duration of human contact with vibration hazardous equipment.

Author: Muradova E.O.

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