Table of contents (expand)
- Accepted abbreviations
- Patterns of growth and development of the child’s body (Basic patterns of growth and development. Age periodization. Acceleration of growth and development. Age-related anatomical and physiological characteristics. Hygiene of the teaching and educational process at school. Hygienic foundations of students’ daily routine)
- The influence of heredity and environment on the development of the child’s body (Heredity and its role in the processes of growth and development. Man and plants. Man and animals. The influence of viruses on the human body. Hygiene of clothing and footwear)
- Patterns of ontogenetic development of the musculoskeletal system (Features of the functions and structure of the musculoskeletal system. Types and functional characteristics of muscle tissue in children and adolescents. Growth and work of muscles. The role of muscle movements in the development of the body. Peculiarities of growth of the skull bones. Growth of the spine. Spine of an adult and a child. Development of the chest. Features development of the pelvis and lower extremities. Skeleton of the lower extremities. Development of bones of the upper extremities. The influence of furniture on posture. Hygienic requirements for school equipment)
- Development of the body's regulatory systems (The significance and functional activity of the elements of the nervous system. Age-related changes in the morphofunctional organization of the neuron. Properties of excitation impulses in the central nervous system. Bioelectric phenomena. Processes of excitation and inhibition in the central nervous system. Structure and functioning of the spinal cord. Structure and functioning of the brain. Functions of the autonomic department nervous system. Endocrine glands. Their relationship and functions. Development of the child’s genital organs. Puberty)
- Analyzers. Hygiene of the organs of vision and hearing (Concept of analyzers. Organs of vision. Structure of the eye. Light and color sensitivity. Light-perceiving function. Light regime in educational institutions. Auditory analyzer. Vestibular apparatus)
- Anatomical and physiological features of brain maturation (Development of the cerebral hemispheres and localization of functions in the cerebral cortex. Conditioned and unconditioned reflexes. I.P. Pavlov. Inhibition of conditioned reflexes. Analytical-synthetic activity of the cerebral cortex. First and second signaling systems. Types of higher nervous activity)
- Age-related features of blood and circulation (General characteristics of blood. Blood circulation. Heart: structure and age-related changes)
- Age-related characteristics of the respiratory system (Structure of the respiratory organs and vocal apparatus. Respiratory movements. Acts of inhalation and exhalation. Gas exchange in the lungs. Hygienic requirements for the air environment of educational institutions)
- Age-related features of digestion (Structure of the digestive canal. Digestion process)
- Age-related features of metabolism and energy (Characteristics of metabolic processes. Main forms of metabolism in the body. Age-related characteristics of energy metabolism)
- Hygiene of labor training and productive work of students
Accepted abbreviations
ATP - adenosine triphosphate
Unit abbreviations
А - ampere
В - volt
Tues - watt
г - gram
ha - hectare
town. - degree
Hz - hertz
Д - dalton
db - decibel
J - joule
diopter - diopter
feces - calorie (off-system unit of heat amount)
sq. m - square meter
cubic meters - cubic meter
kg - kilogram
л - liter
lux - suite
М - relative molecular weight
м - meter
min - minute
ml - milliliter
mmHg st. - millimeter of mercury с - second
cm - centimeter
ч - hour
Abbreviations of prefixes for the formation of names of multiples and submultiples of physical measurements
д - deci... (10-1)
к - kilo... (103)
м - milli... (10-3)
u - micro... (10-6)
н - nano... (10-9)
Author: Antonova O.A.
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