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TOOLS AND MECHANISMS FOR AGRICULTURE
All-wheel drive all-terrain vehicle. Drawing, description
Directory / Tools and mechanisms for agriculture The all-terrain vehicle is made according to a scheme that has proven itself well on the Kirovets tractor. It has the same "breaking" frame and drive to both axles. What does it give? First, permeability. The frame, constantly bending, follows the terrain, as it were. All four drive wheels are constantly in contact with the ground. This eliminates the overload of individual wheels and their slippage on uneven ground. Secondly, maneuverability. The articulated frame is sensitive to even slight deviations of the steering wheel and allows you to turn around almost on the spot. Thirdly, constructive simplicity. In this scheme, you can use exactly the same front and rear axles. The engine mount is also simple.
The frame consists of two main parts connected in the middle by a hinge with a vertical axis of rotation. Its front part is a rigid welded assembly, on which the bridge, engine, fuel tank, control pedals and driver's seat are installed. The left bearing arch of the frame also serves as a silencer. A hinge with a vertical axis of rotation consists of two forks connected by powerful fingers. The pins are bolted to the rear fork lugs, while the front fork pivots around them in thrust and needle bearings.
To prevent the wheels from rubbing against each other when the frame "breaks" around the vertical axis, the hinge has stops installed respectively on the front and rear forks: a slightly curved and flattened tube for rigidity and two studs at the ends of the channel brackets. The rear part of the frame - a bridge, a brake and a removable body are attached to it - is movable, its hinge is with a horizontal axis of rotation. But it is arranged somewhat differently: a fixed casing with an internal thread is riveted to the rear fork, into which a bronze bushing is screwed. It is she who serves as a plain bearing for the movable casing of the rear of the frame. In the sleeve, this casing is held by a pin screwed into the reinforcing lining. It is also the limiter of the "break" angle of the frame relative to the longitudinal axis of the all-terrain vehicle. The angle value depends on the length of the groove cut in the fixed casing and sleeve. The VP-150M engine is installed across the movement so that it takes up less space, and the air-cooled fan has the most favorable conditions for operation.
The mounting brackets are located as follows: the central and most powerful one is on the differential casing, under the engine cylinder, the lower one is on the right axle beam, under the crankcase, and the rear one is on the chain transmission casing. A metal fuel tank with a capacity of 5,5 liters is attached to the engine crankcase; fuel flows into the carburetor by gravity. The controls are placed on the beams of the front axle: on the left is the clutch pedal, on the right is the gas. Footrests are installed next to the pedals for the convenience of the driver.
Gears are shifted by hand using a lever with a ball at the end, welded to the gear sector. The engine is started by a kick starter with a handle instead of a folding pedal. The exhaust gases from the cylinder through the corrugated pipe enter the left frame carrier tube as a muffler and exit the exhaust pipe under the seat. The transmission of the all-terrain vehicle is symmetrical about the vertical axis of the "break" of the frame. The torque from the engine is transmitted by a chain to the cardan shafts, and from them through bevel gears and differentials - to the axle shafts of the axles. Cardan shafts are machined from a bar. In the middle they have necks for sealing cuffs, and at the ends there are slots. Cardans with crosses (including for the connecting link) were taken from the Ural motorcycle. They rotate in bronze bushings, which are lubricated from time to time through thin oiler tubes brought out. With external splines, the cardan shafts enter into the outer flanges connecting them to the shanks of the drive gears of the bevel gears. The rear shaft is equipped with a brake from the Vyatka scooter: the brake disc is studded to the bearing assembly housing, and the drum is attached to the flanges. The control cable from the disc is brought to the steering column. The axle differentials on the all-terrain vehicle are of a traditional design: with two satellite gears (from the Moskvich-412 car). The side gears are homemade, and the bevel gear is taken from a Ural motorcycle. Rusk, unlike the "Moskvich" one, does not have a spherical surface facing the differential case, but a cylindrical one, for simplicity. Bridges are attached to the frame with bolts, inserts and shims. Only on the rear axle, the bolts still hold the body mounting loops, and on the front axle, the brackets for the gas and clutch pedals. The steering consists of a detachable handwheel, a vertical column, a steering worm gear, two rockers and an adjustable rod. The gear ratio of the drive is 1: 4, which allows you to "break" the frame not only in motion. but also in the parking lot. The force from it is transmitted by a rod to the rocking chair attached to the fork of the rear of the frame, and causes it to deviate in one direction or another. The wheels are also structurally simple and completely identical. The bearing element of each of them is an aluminum hub, to the ends of which discs of the same material are screwed.
Eight tarpaulin belts are attached to the disks with wire hooks and brackets, holding the tire - two chambers measuring 720 X 310 mm, nested one inside the other and protected by a tarpaulin tape with tucks-lugs. The outer end of the hub is closed with a cover that protects its cavity from contamination, and the inner end is equipped with four bolts for fastening the wheel to the axle shaft flange. The body is assembled from a welded steel frame and fiberglass panels. Provide the necessary rigidity to the floor three channels with brackets for installation on the frame of the all-terrain vehicle. The weight of the body is only 6,5 kgf, but its dimensions are such that they allow an adult to sit without experiencing any particular inconvenience. Technical care for the all-terrain vehicle is almost minimal. It is enough to monitor the level of fuel in the tank, the gear oil in the bridges and the air pressure in the tires. Yes, occasionally lubricate bronze bushings-bearings through oilers - that's all. Author: A.Gromov, A.Timchenko
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