A vacuum cleaner. History of invention and production

Free technical library

HISTORY OF TECHNOLOGY, TECHNOLOGY, OBJECTS AROUND US
Free library / Directory / The history of technology, technology, objects around us

A vacuum cleaner. History of invention and production

The history of technology, technology, objects around us

Directory / The history of technology, technology, objects around us

Comments on the article

Vacuum cleaner - a device for cleaning dust and dirt from surfaces due to air suction. Dust and impurities accumulate in the dust collector, from which they must be removed regularly. The first vacuum cleaners were made in the USA in 1869.

Vacuums
Vacuums

The main components of a modern vacuum cleaner are: a pump that creates a vacuum. Almost always driven by a commutator motor; an air cleaner that separates dust from the air and collects it in a dust collector; a set of interchangeable brushes for effective removal of dirt from various surfaces (carpets, parquet, furniture, etc.).

Also, the vacuum cleaner can be equipped with a hose (with the exception of small-sized manual models and some "American" vacuum cleaners with a pump built into the brush), a pipe, as well as nozzles that expand its functionality (spray nozzles, nozzles for inflating inflatable balls, etc.). ). Vacuum cleaners are floor, manual, knapsack, brush-vacuum cleaners, centralized and automatic (robotic). They can also be divided according to their purpose into household and industrial, and according to mobility - into portable and stationary.

Inventors have been trying to make carpets easier to clean for a long time. At the beginning of the 1876th century, mechanical "sweepers" appeared with rotating brushes, which were driven by the movement of the device over the carpet. In XNUMX, Melville Bissell patented the design of such a sweeping device (it turned out to be so successful that it is still produced today). Around the same time, several other Americans offered their own solutions to this problem.

Daniel Hess in 1860 patented a brush with bellows that sucked dust swept from the carpet into a special container, and Eve McGaffey created the Whirlwind ("Tornado") - a brush with a fan driven by a special lever on the handle. Both devices required the application of inhuman efforts and dexterity, so they did not receive mass distribution.

Vacuums
Siemens Elmo vacuum cleaner, 1906

The next step was taken by Missouri inventor John Thurman, who included a gasoline engine to turn a fan in his 1898 design. It was a "vacuum cleaner in reverse" - it did not suck dust out of the carpet, but blew it out with the help of an air stream. Therefore, credit for the inventor of the first "real vacuum cleaner" should be given to Hubert Booth, a British civil engineer who saw Thurman's machine at an exhibition in London in 1901. Booth asked Thurman why he was not using dust suction instead of blowing it all over the area, and received the answer that such attempts were made, but without success. Booth nevertheless decided to try and succeeded - in the same year he created a machine called Puffing Billy ("Puffing Billy") in honor of one of the first steam locomotives.

This real vacuum cleaner did not contain any brushes and used the suction generated by a pump driven by a gasoline engine. But it was too large for home use - it required horse traction to move it (when cleaning, the vacuum cleaner was parked outside, only hoses were pulled inside the building).

The first truly practical compact electric vacuum cleaner came from James Spangler, a department store janitor in Canton, Ohio. I had to: Spangler was asthmatic, and shaking out rugs that collect dust from the shoes of visitors was a serious problem for him. Fortunately, Spangler turned out to be a very resourceful person and in 1908 created a vacuum cleaner from a soap tin box and an electric motor with a fan and a rotating brush. A satin pillowcase served as a filter and dust bag, and a mop stick served as a handle.

Spangler's vacuum cleaner turned out to be very successful. One satisfied customer was the wife of William Hoover, owner of a leather goods company. Hoover saw excellent prospects in this invention and offered Spangler a partnership.

The first vacuum cleaner - Hoover Model O - weighed 20 kg and cost about $60. It was much less convenient to use than a brush (and electricity was far from everywhere), but the quality of cleaning was much higher. Before the modern vacuum cleaner, there was nothing left: in the 1930s, cloth dust collectors were replaced by disposable paper ones, and in the late 1980s, James Dyson created a bagless vacuum cleaner based on the cyclonic principle of filtration.

Author: S.Apresov

We recommend interesting articles Section The history of technology, technology, objects around us:

▪ wind farm

▪ Electric motor

▪ Superglue

See other articles Section The history of technology, technology, objects around us.

Read and write useful comments on this article.

<< Back

Latest news of science and technology, new electronics:

Artificial leather for touch emulation 15.04.2024

In a modern technology world where distance is becoming increasingly commonplace, maintaining connection and a sense of closeness is important. Recent developments in artificial skin by German scientists from Saarland University represent a new era in virtual interactions. German researchers from Saarland University have developed ultra-thin films that can transmit the sensation of touch over a distance. This cutting-edge technology provides new opportunities for virtual communication, especially for those who find themselves far from their loved ones. The ultra-thin films developed by the researchers, just 50 micrometers thick, can be integrated into textiles and worn like a second skin. These films act as sensors that recognize tactile signals from mom or dad, and as actuators that transmit these movements to the baby. Parents' touch to the fabric activates sensors that react to pressure and deform the ultra-thin film. This ... >>

Petgugu Global cat litter 15.04.2024

Taking care of pets can often be a challenge, especially when it comes to keeping your home clean. A new interesting solution from the Petgugu Global startup has been presented, which will make life easier for cat owners and help them keep their home perfectly clean and tidy. Startup Petgugu Global has unveiled a unique cat toilet that can automatically flush feces, keeping your home clean and fresh. This innovative device is equipped with various smart sensors that monitor your pet's toilet activity and activate to automatically clean after use. The device connects to the sewer system and ensures efficient waste removal without the need for intervention from the owner. Additionally, the toilet has a large flushable storage capacity, making it ideal for multi-cat households. The Petgugu cat litter bowl is designed for use with water-soluble litters and offers a range of additional ... >>

The attractiveness of caring men 14.04.2024

The stereotype that women prefer "bad boys" has long been widespread. However, recent research conducted by British scientists from Monash University offers a new perspective on this issue. They looked at how women responded to men's emotional responsibility and willingness to help others. The study's findings could change our understanding of what makes men attractive to women. A study conducted by scientists from Monash University leads to new findings about men's attractiveness to women. In the experiment, women were shown photographs of men with brief stories about their behavior in various situations, including their reaction to an encounter with a homeless person. Some of the men ignored the homeless man, while others helped him, such as buying him food. A study found that men who showed empathy and kindness were more attractive to women compared to men who showed empathy and kindness. ... >>

Random news from the Archive

REM sleep warms up the brain and saves from hypothermia 22.09.2022

Researchers at the University of California, Los Angeles have published a paper in The Lancet providing a new explanation for the role of REM sleep in warm-blooded creatures. The authors of the work believe that it was formed in order to warm up the body and maintain its performance in case of danger.

Scientists have noticed that in nature, warm-blooded creatures with lower body temperatures tend to have longer periods of REM sleep. And in humans and other animals with a higher body temperature, the duration of this phase is usually shorter.

Researchers believe that this ratio is not accidental. During the REM phase, the brain becomes very active, resulting in an increased heart rate and fever. Since REM sleep comes after slow sleep, in which all processes slow down, it is needed to avoid hypothermia, scientists say.

REM sleep can be thought of as a thermostatically controlled heating mechanism for the brain, triggered by a drop in temperature associated with decreased metabolism and energy consumption during non-REM sleep.

It is this reason that can lead to seasonal fluctuations in sleep duration. Even animals that do not hibernate sleep longer in the winter. The same applies to humans: in hunter-gatherer communities, people sleep about an hour longer during the winter months.

To test the hypothesis and learn more about imminent sleep, the researchers want to conduct a series of experiments with animals that only sleep on one hemisphere (like dolphins and fur seals). Such animals do not require additional heating, which means that their lack of REM sleep will confirm the hypothesis.

Other interesting news:

▪ Wind farms could work on Mars

▪ Western Digital Black 6 TB hard drive

▪ Origin of the domestic cat

▪ Development of technology for capturing greenhouse gases

▪ DDR4 memory

News feed of science and technology, new electronics

Interesting materials of the Free Technical Library:

▪ website section Television. Article selection

▪ article Oven tablets from coal dust. Tips for the home master

▪ article Where do penguins live? Detailed answer

▪ Kupen's article is fragrant. Legends, cultivation, methods of application

▪ article High-frequency head for a digital multimeter. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

▪ article Mini-tester of a home electrician. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

Leave your comment on this article:

All languages of this page

Home page | Library | Articles | Website map | Site Reviews