Crosshead screwdriver. History of invention and production

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HISTORY OF TECHNOLOGY, TECHNOLOGY, OBJECTS AROUND US
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Crosshead screwdriver. History of invention and production

The history of technology, technology, objects around us

Directory / The history of technology, technology, objects around us

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A cross slot is a common type of slot for threaded fasteners. The main varieties are the traditional Phillips and the more modern Pozidrive.

crosshead screwdriver
On the left - Phillips fasteners and a Phillips screwdriver (PH 2) with a trapezoidal tooth edge, on the right - a Pozidrive screwdriver (PZ 2) with a rectangular tooth edge and fasteners with a corresponding slot.

The first appearance of classic screws for screwdrivers with a "flat" sting dates back to about the XNUMXth century, they existed in almost unchanged form until the beginning of the XNUMXth century. By this time, slotted screws were already causing a lot of criticism, but they were out of competition because of their cheapness.

The shortcomings of "classic" screws were especially pronounced during mass assembly, in particular, in the automotive industry. Firstly, the tip was not centered, because of this, mechanical screwdrivers often slipped, leaving scratches on the varnished body parts. Secondly, when tightening screws and screws, they often "tightened", turning the head or damaging the fasteners.

It was these limitations that the American inventor John Thompson was going to overcome, in 1933 he patented a Phillips screwdriver and a screw with a corresponding head. However, an attempt to sell the invention to hardware manufacturers was unsuccessful.

In 1934, Thompson met the engineer Henry Phillips and explained to him the essence of his invention. Phillips liked the idea, he bought the rights to Thompson's patent and organized the Phillips Screw Company (it still exists). In 1936, he improved the technology and developed a method for the mass production of screws. The cross screws automatically centered the screwdriver, and also did not allow "pulling" - the tool tip simply slipped.

However, Phillips was waiting for refusals everywhere. Finally, he managed to interest Eugene Clark, president of the American Screw Company, the largest manufacturer of hardware in the United States. Although the company's engineers objected, Clark was so taken with the idea that he threatened to "fire anyone who said it couldn't be done." The threat had an effect, and the company, having invested half a million dollars in the organization of production, began producing screws under the "cross".

In 1937, GM used these propellers for the first time in the production of Cadillac models. The results were so brilliant that by 1940, all American automakers had switched to Phillips screws, and hardware manufacturers lined up in dozens to purchase a license. During the Second World War, manufacturers of military equipment - tanks and aircraft - also switched to the use of these propellers.

Since then, many different screws have been invented - both for polyhedrons and for stars of various shapes. But, despite this, Phillips screws and screws (in English sources they are called by the name of the inventor - Phillips) still remain the standard, and a Phillips screwdriver is the basis of any tool kit.

Author: S.Apresov

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