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BUILDER, HOUSEHOLDER
Ball Valves. Tips for the home master
Directory / Builder, home master Water pipes in apartments, both in the system with cold and hot water, have so-called shut-off valves - valves that block the flow of water to the taps. The design of such fittings may be different. Until recently, the choice of such valves was small: mainly screw valves, with a body made of ductile iron or brass. And if the latter have a fairly significant resource of working capacity, then the former do not stand up to criticism. And only the cheapness of cast-iron locking devices attracted the buyer. In apartments of mass buildings and typical manor houses, they were widely used. In fact, it should be noted that they rarely resort to tightening the valves, only when it is necessary to turn off the water due to the need to repair or replace pipes, taps, and install plumbing fixtures. But it is precisely this circumstance (of rest) that, over time, inside such a valve, the steel valve stem, rusting, "grows" with the cast-iron head of the body so much that it is not possible to shut off the water at the right time. When they begin to apply force, then most often the stem breaks. In this case, you can try to unscrew the stem, after wetting the "fused" parts with a special liquid or kerosene, heating the head with a blowtorch, gas burner. But such measures do not always help. Of course, it would be possible to replace the steel valve stem with a brass one. However, it is better to solve the problem radically - install a new valve, but not a cast iron one. Brass? It's worth thinking about here. Yes, a brass valve will not rust. But it is not without other disadvantages: water leakage through the stuffing box; wear of the rubber gasket and, as a result, possible damage to the valve seat or damage to the threaded part of the rod when tightened. Recently, ball locking devices have appeared on sale (in everyday life they are often called ball valves), both imported and domestically produced. By design, they are much simpler (hence - more reliable) than their listed predecessors, and in terms of cost they are comparable to brass ones. The body and main parts of the ball valves are made of stainless steel. The locking element is a polished ball with a through hole, the diameter of which corresponds to the conditional passage of the supply pipeline or less than it. In this regard, the valves are divided into full bore and semi-port. The latter are usually installed where a large flow of water is not required, for example, in front of toilet bowls. The ball inside the housing is placed in a fluoroplastic sealing shell with appropriate through holes, in which it can rotate. At the top of the ball there is a nest - the end of the rod is inserted into it. The other end of the stem comes out through the holes in the seal and the body and a handle is attached to it, with the help of which the ball is rotated (opening and closing the valve) by 90 °. To limit the rotation of the handle, a shoulder is cast on the valve body (or the handle itself). Ball valves have a number of advantages over valve valves, both structural and consumer. The main thing is that the full opening-closing of the ball valve is carried out only by a slight turn of the stem (and ball), only by 90 °. This ensures the speed of the operation, does not require space for the stem to exit the body when opening the locking device, and virtually eliminates wear on the latter. It is also important that the abrasion of the sealing shell of the ball valve is several orders of magnitude less than that of the rubber gasket of the valve locking device. The range of ball valves is truly amazing. At the same time, their various connections with pipelines are provided: slip-and-socket, as in conventional valves, coupling, as well as choke and others. Their design allows them to be connected not only to pipes, but also to hoses and modern flexible pipes. Among other things, ball valves are very compact. They are produced with short and long stems (or special extension brackets), various handles or without them at all - with a special key to prevent unauthorized opening and closing. It is worth adding to the listed advantages that with the help of ball valves it is possible to accurately regulate the water supply. In addition, special valves are produced for this purpose with an additional flywheel on the body, which, using a friction gear, very “finely” regulates the rotation of the ball valve stem. Replacing a brass valve valve with a ball valve is not difficult, since their length is approximately the same and no modification of the pipeline is required. The cast-iron valve is longer than the ball valve, therefore, after its dismantling, the pipeline will have to be extended by this amount. Such an extension is possible in two ways: screw a pipe insert of the appropriate length with a thread at both ends into the valve or replace the old squeegee with another, longer one. Depending on the design of the threaded parts of the valves (external, internal or a combination of them), the spurs are connected to the locking devices either directly or using a coupling and a nut.
Author: A. Polibin
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