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Why did Germany split? Detailed answer
Directory / Big encyclopedia. Questions for quiz and self-education Did you know? Why did Germany split? At the Yalta and Potsdam conferences, the USSR, the USA and Great Britain agreed that after the surrender Germany would be subjected to a long occupation. The goals of the occupation were the disarmament, demilitarization and denazification of Germany, including the complete abolition of its armed forces, the destruction of the fascist party and all other fascist organizations, and preparation for the reconstruction of German political life on a democratic basis. The territory of Germany was divided into four zones of occupation: Soviet - in the east, English - in the northwest, French - in the west and American - in the southwest. The capital of Germany - Berlin, located on the territory of the Soviet zone, was also divided into four sectors of occupation. Supreme power in Germany was temporarily exercised by the commanders-in-chief of the allied forces, each in his own zone of occupation. The coordination of the actions of the four powers on all matters affecting Germany was carried out by the Control Council, which consisted of the commanders of the occupying forces. The general management of Berlin was entrusted to the quadripartite inter-allied commandant's office. The Control Council and the Inter-Allied Commandant's Office acted on the principle of unanimity. But almost immediately, fundamental differences arose between the allies. The Soviet Union saw the future of Germany in a completely different way than the United States, Great Britain and France. Therefore, the situation in the eastern and western zones of occupation began to develop according to different scenarios. In 1946, the USA and England united their zones of occupation into the so-called Bizonia. In 1948, the French zone joined them - Trizonia was formed. The occupying authorities in the western zones gradually transferred control functions to the hands of the German administration, headed by representatives of the bourgeois parties. In 1948, at a meeting in London, the governments of the United States, England, and France decided to create a separate state on the territory of Trizonia. An important step along this path was the separate monetary reform carried out in Trizonia in the summer of 1948. It was also extended to West Berlin, occupied by the Anglo-American and French troops, but located in the Soviet zone of occupation. In response, the Soviet military administration imposed restrictions on transportation from Trizonia to West Berlin, effectively establishing a blockade of Berlin. An acute international crisis erupted, the main consequence of which was the impossibility of the former allies pursuing in the future any kind of coordinated policy on the German question. The division of Germany was practically inevitable. The "Berlin Crisis" extremely aggravated relations between the Soviet Union and the Western powers. Some American generals offered to break through the blockade of Berlin by force and even use atomic weapons against the USSR, but the US government did not dare to take such measures and entered into negotiations with the USSR. In May 1949, the "Berlin crisis", which lasted about a year, ended with the USSR lifting restrictions on transportation to West Berlin. In August 1949, elections were held for the West German parliament. The largest number of seats in it was received by the CDU / CSU bloc. After the completion of the constitution of the parliament on September 7, 1949, the formation of a new state was proclaimed - the Federal Republic of Germany. CDU leader K. Adenauer became its first chancellor. After that, the formation of the East German state began in the Soviet zone of occupation. On October 7, 1949, the German Democratic Republic was founded. The Soviet military administration in Germany transferred its former control functions to the provisional government of the GDR. Thus, the long-awaited split of the country became a fact. Two German states with different social and political systems arose on German soil. No peace treaty with Germany was concluded, and conflicts between the two systems ran across the border between the two German states. Only in 1990, in connection with the reunification of Germany, both the occupation and the quadripartite agreements regarding Germany ceased to operate. Author: Irina Tkachenko
Who believes that you can die at night from the included fan? There is a widespread myth among South Koreans that a person can die at night in a room with a running fan. Explaining this, Koreans often consider hyperthermia to be the direct cause of death - supposedly, when the air temperature is higher than body temperature, the fan sends heat stroke to the person. Another version speaks of suffocation caused by an increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide in a room with a closed window. Despite the lack of reliable data on the fatality of fans, Korean manufacturers supply them with shutdown timers and danger warnings.
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