How did the Roman Republic become the most developed state in the Mediterranean? Detailed answer

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How did the Roman Republic become the most developed state in the Mediterranean? Detailed answer

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How did the Roman Republic become the most developed state in the Mediterranean?

The proclamation of the Roman Republic did not lead to significant changes in the social structure of Ancient Rome. In the established republic, all organs of political power were in the hands of the patricians. The Roman plebs, one of the main classes - estates - of ancient Rome, remained as economically and politically powerless as in the royal period. However, the overthrow of royal power, the formation and development of a republican constitution, and the active foreign policy of Rome in the V-IV centuries. BC e. contributed to the strengthening of his political activities. In the first centuries of the early Roman Republic, the plebeians waged a fierce struggle for the right to take part in the division of public land, for equality in legal status with the patricians, which ensured the participation of the plebeians in the political life of the state, and the abolition of debt bondage. The struggle of the plebeians with the patricians, promoting the development of private property and slavery, was an aggressive driving force of social development.

In the V-III centuries. BC e. the process of formalizing the Roman state system takes place. The bodies of state power were people's assemblies (collisions), magistrates, and the Senate. The supreme bearer of power was the Roman people. Citizens of Rome could formally participate in the national assembly, be elected to government positions, own property, and serve in the army of Rome.

The Roman Republic was a typical aristocratic republic. It is characterized by primitiveness, passivity of popular assemblies, unpaid magistrates, and the enormous influence of the Senate. This can be explained, firstly, by the predominantly agricultural composition of Roman citizenship, which was always insufficiently organized, and secondly, by the special historical conditions of the XNUMXth-XNUMXth centuries. BC e., which led to the fact that wars became the main source of expansion of the communal lands of the Roman state. Constant wars and robbery affected the organization of the state, which acquired a military character. The most influential people's assembly was the central conflicts. The Senate primarily supervised military affairs.

The army of the Roman Republic was well disciplined and armed. She was able to defeat the armies of the Hellenistic states in the XNUMXrd-XNUMXnd centuries. BC e.

The conquest of Italy by Rome did not lead to the creation of a unified state.

The growth of slave ownership, the increase in the number of foreign and foreign slaves, who were subjected to especially cruel treatment, caused a change in the legal status of slaves.

By the XNUMXrd century. BC e. New legal norms emerged that determined the complete legal lack of rights for slaves, who were considered as a thing at the complete disposal of the owner. The trend in the development of legal norms is clearly visible: the legal lack of rights of slaves and their exclusion from civil and political life have been legitimized.

In the IV-III centuries. BC e. a complex class and social structure of Roman society was formed. It was divided into freemen and slaves.

In Roman society, the following classes stood out: the class of slaves, the class of small producers, the class of slave owners.

As a result of a series of wars of conquest, the Roman Republic became a huge state, whose possessions occupied not only the entire expanse of the Apennine Peninsula, but were scattered far beyond its borders. By the middle of the XNUMXnd century. BC e. Rome turned into a large city with a population of several hundred thousand people and became the most important political center in the Mediterranean.

By the middle of the XNUMXnd century. BC e. Roman citizenship was divided mainly into two social strata: the landless, hungry mass of the ruined or impoverished rural population and urban artisans and the small, luxurious stratum of nobles and horsemen. All magisterial positions were filled by representatives of a limited number of noble families. The elections resulted in a struggle between competing cliques.

The features of the system of classical slavery were evident: the slave-owning economy was aimed at obtaining a large surplus value; the number of slaves increased, slave labor became widespread in the main sectors of the economy.

By the beginning of the 30s. BC e. The Roman Republic became the most developed slave state in the Mediterranean, in which the social structure of slave society reached its most complete phase of development.

Author: Irina Tkachenko

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