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Which countries did Alexander the Great conquer? Detailed answer
Directory / Big encyclopedia. Questions for quiz and self-education Did you know? Which countries did Alexander the Great conquer? In Macedonia in 336 BC. e. After the murder of Philip, the power of Alexander was proclaimed. In 335 B.C. e. Alexander the Great undertook a northern campaign to conquer the renegade Thracian tribes. The army won. Rumors reached Alexander that the Greek cities, led by Athens and Thebes, had fallen away from Macedonia. But he decided to return to Macedonia first the Illyrian tribes and from Thrace went to Illyria. Alexander moved with an army to the rebellious Thebes and laid siege to them. The inhabitants of Thebes were taken into slavery, and the city was razed and destroyed. This turn of affairs frightened other Greek cities, which began to express obedience to Macedonia. The refusal to massacre Athens was due to the policy of Alexander, who did not want to spoil relations with the Greeks at the beginning of the Persian campaign. After the complete restoration of his power in Greece, Alexander began to prepare for the Persian campaign, which his father, Philip, failed to carry out. The army of Alexander the Great was not numerous. It consisted of 30 thousand infantry and 5 thousand horsemen, but this army was well trained in the new military system. The army set out on the campaign in the spring of 334. Persia showed at this time unpreparedness for defense. This huge state could collect its troops for two years. The Persian state was on the decline, it was torn apart by civil strife. Various victories and abuses restored the population of Asia Minor against the local Persian authorities. All these circumstances helped Alexander to invade Asia. In 334 B.C. e. A battle took place near the small river Granik. The Persians were defeated. After the victory at Granicus, the Macedonian army marched along the Asia Minor coast to the south. Alexander pursued political goals: he freed the Greek cities of Asia Minor from the Persian yoke. Throughout the winter of 333 BC. e. Alexander spent time in the center of Asia Minor, since the winter here was harsh and the Macedonian army could not march in such conditions. At the end of winter, Alexander hastily set out on a campaign. The meeting of the Macedonian and Persian armies took place in the town of Iss on the northeastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea. After a stubborn battle, the Persian army was utterly defeated. After the battle of Issus, Alexander went to Syria and Phoenicia. Of the Phoenician cities, only Tyre resisted, which Alexander could not take for seven months. When Alexander was in Phenicia, Darius III offered him peace on the following conditions: he would give Alexander ownership of all of Asia Minor, half of the Persian treasury and the hand of his eldest daughter. The peace offer was rejected. But the military council showed that in the command staff of Alexander's army, opposition was beginning to oppose the continuation of the war. In 332 B.C. e. Alexander headed with his army to Egypt to take possession of this rich country and provide himself with a rear during his campaign to the East. The Egyptians welcomed the Macedonian troops. Alexander was proclaimed Pharaoh by the Egyptian priests. In 332 B.C. e. Alexander founded Alexandria, a city on the Mediterranean coast in the Nile Delta, which was destined to play a major political, economic and cultural role in the Hellenistic era and beyond. In the spring of 331 BC. e. Alexander left Egypt and headed to Mesopotamia, where the troops of Darius III were already concentrated. The army of Darius III approached Mesopotamia and stopped not far from the former capital of Assyria - Nineveh, in the town of Gaugamela. The Battle of Gaugamela was bloody and stubborn. After the victory at Gaugamela, Alexander occupied Babylon, and then Susa. When Bactria and Sogdiani (Central Asia) were conquered, Alexander headed to Ivedia. The Macedonians were victorious. Alexander's army reached only the tributary of the Indus Hyphasis, after which it had to turn back. During the eastern campaign, new trade relations arose between Greece and the East, a new colossal state was formed from the Balkan Peninsula to the territory of India. This state was larger than Persia. It was managed differently. Each district (satrapy) was subject to the central authority of Alexander, who personally intervened in the affairs of various districts and sometimes deposed and executed satraps. After celebrating victories in the eastern campaign, Alexander took up the internal affairs of his monarchy and preparations for the western campaign, which he decided to make. Antipater's youngest son Jonah hosted a feast, to which he invited Alexander. Returning from the feast, Alexander fell seriously ill; apparently, he was poisoned. At this time he was 33 years old. Despite the fact that Alexander's campaigns were of an aggressive nature, the created Macedonian new state was more progressive in its economy, political system and culture than ancient Greece. Author: Irina Tkachenko
What is the difference between chronicle and chronicle? No. In the West, the chronicle was called a chronicle, and its creators were called chroniclers. Both are records of outstanding historical events, extreme natural phenomena, etc., which were kept from year to year.
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