Free technical library

Kiwi (Chinese actinidia, delicacy actinidia, Chinese gooseberry). Legends, myths, symbolism, description, cultivation, methods of application

Directory / Cultivated and wild plants

Comments on the article

Content

1. Photos, basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism
2. Genus, family, origin, range, chemical composition, economic importance
3. Botanical description, reference data, useful information, illustrations
4. Recipes for use in traditional medicine and cosmetology
5. Tips for growing, harvesting and storing

Kiwi (Chinese actinidia, delicacy actinidia, Chinese gooseberry), Actinidia. Photos of the plant, basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism

Basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism

Sort by: Actinidia (Actinidia)

Family: Actinidia (Actinidiaceae)

Origin: China

Area: Asia, including China, Japan, Korea, Taiwan, and New Zealand.

Chemical composition: Kiwi contains vitamins C, E, and K, as well as folate, potassium, copper, and manganese. It is also rich in antioxidants, phytochemicals and dietary fiber.

Economic value: Kiwi is a tasty and nutritious fruit that is used in the food industry to make juices, jams, compotes and other products. In addition, kiwi is used in cooking to decorate dishes, including salads and desserts.

Legends and myths: The kiwi comes from China, where it was known as "yang tao". It was first grown in New Zealand and has since been successfully commercialized on many continents. In China, the kiwi is considered a symbol of love and is usually given as a gift to your soul mate. In Japan, the kiwi is considered a symbol of good luck and wealth, and they are given as gifts for the new year. In some cultures, the kiwifruit is considered a symbol of life and regeneration, as it can be reborn after severe pruning or injury.

Kiwi (Chinese actinidia, delicacy actinidia, Chinese gooseberry), Actinidia. Description, illustrations of the plant

Kiwi (Chinese actinidia, Chinese gooseberry), Actinidia. Methods of application, origin of the plant, range, botanical description, cultivation

Genus Actinidia Lindl. belongs to the Actinidiaceae family and includes 36 species.

Most species are ornamental, but some are excellent berry plants. Four species are known both in the wild and in the cultivated state (Chinese actinidia, kolomikta actinidia, sharp-toothed actinidia, polygamous actinidia).

They live in tropical, subtropical and partly in the temperate latitudes of East Asia - Indochina, China, Japan, the northeastern part of the Himalayas, in the Amur Region and Primorsky Krai. Some species live on the Malay Peninsula. At present, the center of development of the genus is Southwestern China, especially Yunnan Province.

All actinidia are large perennial woody climbing vines or climbing shrubs.

Chinese actinidia, Chinese gooseberry, or kiwi (Actinidia chinensis Planch.) is the most valuable type of actinidia. In 1904, the seeds of Chinese actinidia (mi-hutao - monkey peach) were brought to New Zealand, where it was cultivated as an ornamental plant. The fruits are small, inconspicuous, harsh.

Ever since the XNUMXth century. Chinese poets admired the appearance of actinidia - at the time of flowering, she dresses in an imposing white outfit, the rest of the time she attracts attention with huge fan leaves.

Actinidia chinensis is a climbing woody vine up to 8 m in length. Resistant to seasonal temperature changes from minus 17 to plus 35 ° C.

New Zealand farmers have been intensively breeding actinidia for 30 years. Valuable varieties with yellow or red flowers have been bred, the fruits are large berries, with a duck egg and larger, weighing 80-150 g. The color of the fruits is light brown, the flesh is green, tender, with a pleasant taste and aroma. There are many small seeds in the center of the fruit. In 1952, British businessmen gave the Chinese actinidia a brighter name - kiwi, using the name of the famous native of New Zealand - the flightless kiwi bird.

By the end of the 70s, a real boom began, Europeans and Americans finally tasted kiwi, it ceased to be a restaurant curiosity and firmly entered the list of familiar berries.

The main producer of kiwifruit is New Zealand, from where these fruits are exported to the Western European countries of Germany, the Netherlands, Italy, Austria, Switzerland, etc. In addition, its commercial plantations are located in South Japan, China, Southeast Asia and the USA (California). ). Kiwi is introduced into culture in a number of subtropical regions of Europe (Italy, Greece, Bulgaria, Georgia).

In New Zealand, kiwi ripens in autumn, in May. Ripe fruits can hang on a vine for 4-5 months, while they overripe. Kiwi can be eaten in pieces or, cut in half, scooped with a spoon. It tastes like strawberries, banana, watermelon and pineapple.

The actinidia enzyme was found in the fruits, which in its action is similar to papain, bromelain and ficin. These are enzymes that aid in the digestion of meat and other foods. The fruits are consumed fresh, they are used to produce compotes, jams, jellies, marmalades. Fruits are stored and transported in boxes with cells, like eggs. At a temperature of 0 ° C, kiwifruit can be stored for up to 6 months or more.

Actinidia kolomikta, or Amur (Actinidia kolomikta Max.) in the wild is found in cedar-broad-leaved and spruce-fir forests at an altitude of up to 900 m in Russia (in the Primorsky Territory, along the Amur, Ussuri, on Sakhalin, the Kuril Islands), in the North - East China, Korea, Japan. Cultivated on a small scale.

The fruits contain 4,5-9,8% sugars (with a predominance of monosaccharides, sometimes up to 4% sucrose), the total acidity is 0,8-2,1%. The content of vitamin C reaches 930 mg100 g of the product, i.e., it exceeds citrus fruits by 10-13 times. The fruits are used in raw, frozen, dried, processed form.

Sharp-toothed actinidia (Actinidia akguta Sieb. et Planch.) lives in the wild in coniferous-deciduous forests up to 800 m above sea level. seas, in Primorsky Krai, on Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands, in China (from Yunnan to Northeast China), in Korea and Japan.

Cultivated in small quantities. The species is the most productive, but vitamin C is 10 times less than that of kolomikta.

Actinidia polygamous, three-house - Actinidia polygama (Sieb. et Zucc) Max. - grows in Northern and Western China, Korea and Japan in a community with other types of actinidia. The shape of the berries is lemon-shaped, 2,5 cm long, the berries are bitter, with a burning taste. It is one of the most important medicinal plants in Japan.

Authors: Baranov V.D., Ustimenko G.V.

Kiwi (Chinese actinidia, delicacy actinidia), Actinidia chinensis and Actinidia deliciosa. Botanical description of the plant, area, methods of application, cultivation

The kiwi plant gets its name from the resemblance of its greenish, brown haired ovoid fruits to the body of the wingless New Zealand kiwi bird. The word "kiwi" comes from the New Zealand aboriginal Maori language.

The botanical name of the genus Actinidia comes from the Greek words. "aktinos" - ray and "eidos" - view, for the radiant arrangement of the ovary columns.

Actinidia chinensis and gourmet - large lianas or climbing shrubs, reaching 9 m in height. Leaves are deciduous, alternate, on long petioles, 7,5-12,5 cm long, ovate or almost round in outline, with notched base. Young leaves are covered with reddish pubescence, adult leaves are bright green on the upper side, paler on the lower side, with noticeable veins.

The flowers are fragrant, usually bisexual, rarely unisexual, appearing in leaf axils singly or in groups of three. The corolla is white at first, then turns yellow as the petals open. Stamens are numerous in all flowers, but they are sterile in female flowers.

Kiwi fruits are oblong-ovoid to almost spherical berries, usually 5-7 cm in diameter, brown, densely hairy. The flesh is green, rarely yellow, white or brownish. Seeds are small, black or dark purple. There is a variety of Gold kiwi ("golden kiwi", or "yellow kiwi"), the fruits of which have yellow flesh. The weight of an average kiwi fruit is 75 g, large fruits - up to 100 g. Describing the taste of kiwi, they talk about a combination of aromas of gooseberries, strawberries, bananas, melons, apples, cherries and pineapples.

Both of these wild-growing actinidia - originally from China, were brought to New Zealand at the beginning of the 40th century. There, in the 100s, cultivated large-fruited varieties were bred from them, which differ from the original species not only in the multiply increased fruit weight (30 grams or more instead of XNUMX grams in wild species), but also in better taste. It is currently widely grown in China, South Africa, New Zealand, Southern Europe, as well as in the Crimea and the Caucasus.

Kiwi fruits are a real pantry of nature, they contain a lot of vitamins, carbohydrates, proteins, trace elements, and fiber. In many respects, kiwi is a champion among other berries and fruits.

The vitamin range contained in kiwi is very wide. In large quantities, the fruits contain vitamin C - about 92 mg per 100 g of berries, which is more than in citrus fruits, currants and bell peppers. Kiwi also contains vitamins B2, B3, B9 (folic acid) and B6 (100 g of berries contain 4% of the daily value of this vitamin). In addition, kiwi contains vitamins A, E, D, nicotinic acid. Micro and macro elements that make up kiwi: magnesium (30 mg per 100 g), potassium (300 mg per 100 g), sodium (3 mg per 100 g), calcium (40 mg per 100 g), iron (0,41 mg per 100 g), phosphorus (34 mg per 100 g), zinc, manganese.

About 10% in kiwifruit are monosaccharides, disaccharides and fiber. It is also noteworthy that this berry has a minimum of calories - only 50 per 100 g of product, which makes kiwi an indispensable product for dietary nutrition and for people seeking to lose weight.

The skin of a kiwi contains even more antioxidants than the flesh. It has antiseptic properties, but is not recommended for hypersensitivity of the oral mucosa.

Kiwi fruits are eaten fresh, they are used to make jam, make jelly, make stuffing for pies, add to salads. Kiwi drinks are also prepared.

Kiwi can rightfully be considered a medicinal berry. The substances that it contains have a beneficial effect on cardiac activity, activate cell metabolism, improve digestion, and minimize the risk of cancer. The benefits of kiwi fruit are noticeable with its regular use in food. This product is an excellent prophylactic for rheumatic diseases, prevents the development of urolithiasis, and improves the functioning of the respiratory system.

Women more than like the beneficial properties of kiwi. By eating it, you can prevent the appearance of gray hair in your hair, significantly improve lipid metabolism in the body, burn unnecessary fats and get in shape. It has been proven that one piece of kiwi for dessert can prevent the appearance of heaviness in the stomach, help get rid of heartburn, remove excess sodium from the body (this is useful for those who love salty foods). Often kiwi is used as part of various face masks, after which the skin becomes soft, velvety, tissue turgor improves, and a healthy complexion is restored.

By consuming kiwi every day, you can rid your body of bad cholesterol, strengthen the walls of small vessels and capillaries, normalize blood composition, reduce the risk of thrombosis, and prevent the development of hypertension.

The high content of potassium makes kiwi useful in some forms of hypertension, iodine deficiency. Rich in vitamins, micro and macro elements, kiwi reduces the risk of cancer, diseases of the cardiovascular system, is able to burn fat, and reduces the risk of blood clots.

The tannins that make up the kiwi have an anti-inflammatory, bactericidal effect, protect the mucous membranes, and also have a positive effect on the digestive tract.

Kiwi is also useful because it contains vitamin K1, which reduces the risk of diabetes. In addition, this vitamin promotes the absorption of calcium, which is also part of this berry.

For a fairly large amount of vitamin E, kiwi can be called the berry of youth. The benefits of this vitamin are enormous. It prevents the formation of blood clots, has a positive effect on the reproductive system (both female and male), protects blood cells and improves oxygen transport to tissues. Due to the presence of this vitamin, the benefits of kiwi properties are significant in terms of rejuvenating the body.

Kiwi is used in the manufacture of cosmetic masks for cleansing, moisturizing, rejuvenation, and skin nutrition. Due to the large amount of fruit acids, kiwi is often used as a peeling. Kiwi also contains natural collagen, so this fruit is often used in the manufacture of cosmetics.

Despite all the beneficial properties of kiwi, this fruit also has contraindications. First of all, you should not abuse kiwi, because due to the large amount of vitamin C, it can cause quite severe allergies. In addition, kiwi is contraindicated in people suffering from peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum, as well as gastritis with high acidity.

Kiwi is grown in many countries with a subtropical climate, especially widely - in Italy, New Zealand, Chile, Greece. From there, juicy medicinal fruits with delicate green tasty pulp are exported to all countries of the world. In China, the birthplace of the kiwi, its production remains negligible.

Kiwi (Chinese actinidia, delicacy actinidia, Chinese gooseberry), Actinidia. Recipes for use in traditional medicine and cosmetology

Ethnoscience:

• Improving digestion: Kiwi contains enzymes that can help improve digestion and reduce bloating. It is recommended that you consume kiwi fruit with the skin on to get the most benefit from these enzymes.
• Strengthening the immune system: Kiwifruit is rich in vitamin C, which plays an important role in boosting the immune system and fighting infections.
• Cholesterol Reduction: Some studies show that kiwi fruit may help lower blood cholesterol levels due to its high dietary fiber content.
• Reducing the risk of developing cancer: Some studies show that kiwi fruit may help reduce the risk of cancer due to its antioxidant content.

Cosmetology:

• Mask for the face: mix 1 ripe kiwi, 1 tablespoon oatmeal and 1 tablespoon natural yogurt. Apply to face and leave on for 15 minutes, then rinse with warm water.
• Cleansing scrub: mix 1 ripe kiwi, 1 tablespoon honey and 1 tablespoon ground coffee. Apply to the skin and massage in circular motions for 2-3 minutes, then rinse with warm water.
• Face tonic: soak peels from 2-3 mature kiwis in a glass of boiling water for 10-15 minutes. Cool and apply to the face as a tonic, use every day after cleansing the skin.

Attention! Before use, consult with a specialist!

Kiwi (Chinese actinidia, delicacy actinidia, Chinese gooseberry), Actinidia. Tips for growing, harvesting and storing

Kiwifruit (Actinidia) is a fruit plant widely known for its small round fruits with bright green skin and juicy orange flesh.

Tips for growing, harvesting and storing kiwi:

Cultivation:

• Kiwi prefers a warm and humid climate. It is best grown in regions with temperatures between -5 and 30°C.
• It also needs well-drained soil, which should be reasonably fertile and rich in organic matter.
• Kiwifruit needs regular watering, especially during growth and flowering. But do not overwater the soil, this can lead to root rot.
• In order for the plant to bear fruit better, it must be cut off, leaving the main shoots. This will help the plant distribute nutrients and increase yield.
• Kiwis can grow up to 10 meters tall, so be sure to provide enough space for them.

Workpiece:

• Harvest kiwi fruits when they reach maturity. They should be soft to the touch and have a bright green skin.
• To peel a kiwi, first wash it and then cut it into pieces. Then, using a knife, remove the skin from each piece.
• You can use kiwi fruit in a variety of dishes, including salads, desserts, sauces, and more.

Storage:

• Fresh kiwi fruits keep in the refrigerator for several days.
• Kiwifruit can also be frozen or dried for later use.

We recommend interesting articles Section Cultivated and wild plants:

▪ Dichrocephala whole-leaved

▪ Bittersweet nightshade

▪ Colocynth (coloquint)

▪ Play the game "Guess the plant from the picture"

See other articles Section Cultivated and wild plants.

Read and write useful comments on this article.

<< Back

Latest news of science and technology, new electronics:

Energy from space for Starship 08.05.2024

Producing solar energy in space is becoming more feasible with the advent of new technologies and the development of space programs. The head of the startup Virtus Solis shared his vision of using SpaceX's Starship to create orbital power plants capable of powering the Earth. Startup Virtus Solis has unveiled an ambitious project to create orbital power plants using SpaceX's Starship. This idea could significantly change the field of solar energy production, making it more accessible and cheaper. The core of the startup's plan is to reduce the cost of launching satellites into space using Starship. This technological breakthrough is expected to make solar energy production in space more competitive with traditional energy sources. Virtual Solis plans to build large photovoltaic panels in orbit, using Starship to deliver the necessary equipment. However, one of the key challenges ... >>

New method for creating powerful batteries 08.05.2024

With the development of technology and the expanding use of electronics, the issue of creating efficient and safe energy sources is becoming increasingly urgent. Researchers at the University of Queensland have unveiled a new approach to creating high-power zinc-based batteries that could change the landscape of the energy industry. One of the main problems with traditional water-based rechargeable batteries was their low voltage, which limited their use in modern devices. But thanks to a new method developed by scientists, this drawback has been successfully overcome. As part of their research, scientists turned to a special organic compound - catechol. It turned out to be an important component that can improve battery stability and increase its efficiency. This approach has led to a significant increase in the voltage of zinc-ion batteries, making them more competitive. According to scientists, such batteries have several advantages. They have b ... >>

Alcohol content of warm beer 07.05.2024

Beer, as one of the most common alcoholic drinks, has its own unique taste, which can change depending on the temperature of consumption. A new study by an international team of scientists has found that beer temperature has a significant impact on the perception of alcoholic taste. The study, led by materials scientist Lei Jiang, found that at different temperatures, ethanol and water molecules form different types of clusters, which affects the perception of alcoholic taste. At low temperatures, more pyramid-like clusters form, which reduces the pungency of the "ethanol" taste and makes the drink taste less alcoholic. On the contrary, as the temperature increases, the clusters become more chain-like, resulting in a more pronounced alcoholic taste. This explains why the taste of some alcoholic drinks, such as baijiu, can change depending on temperature. The data obtained opens up new prospects for beverage manufacturers, ... >>

Random news from the Archive Mountains, skis and sun 06.06.2009 In the Italian ski resort of Bressanone, there is a ski lift that uses solar energy. This is a lift of the so-called tow type, which does not have cabins, the skier simply clings with a special hook to the cable crawling up. The electric motor is powered by 108 solar panels with a total area of ​​140 square meters covering the southern facade of one of the resort's buildings. On a clear sunny day, the batteries develop a power of 14,5 kilowatts.

Other interesting news:

▪ Workaholics have fatter kids

▪ Method for multiplying the accuracy of frequency measurements

▪ The physical theory of superconductivity is called into question

▪ Rust water treatment

▪ Apple iPod player

News feed of science and technology, new electronics

Interesting materials of the Free Technical Library:

▪ section of the site Life of remarkable physicists. Article selection

▪ Article Nature is not a temple, but a workshop, and man is a worker in it. Popular expression

▪ article What are cells? Detailed answer

▪ article Normative documents on labor protection. Directory

▪ article Electrical insulating varnishes and enamels. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

▪ article Safe charger. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

Leave your comment on this article:

All languages ​​of this page

Arabic	Hebrew	Polish
Bengali	Hindi	Portuguese
Chinese	Italian	Spanish
English	Japanese	Turkish
French	Korean	Ukrainian
German	Malay	Vietnamese

Home page | Library | Articles | Website map | Site Reviews

www.diagram.com.ua
2000-2024