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BIG ENCYCLOPEDIA FOR CHILDREN AND ADULTS
What was the Greek community of the polis like? Detailed answer
Directory / Big encyclopedia. Questions for quiz and self-education Did you know? What was the Greek community of the polis like? The destruction of the Achaean states and the Dorian migration led to the fact that the processes of class formation in many Greek areas had to start anew. AT XI century. The Greeks lived in small isolated communities or ancestral villages. The rulers of the regions, dependent on the rulers of the Achaean states, now turned into leaders of independent patriarchal tribes - the Basilei. National assemblies acquired great importance. The most important achievement of this period was the spread of iron: the Bronze Age was replaced by the Iron Age. The period of the history of Ancient Greece in the XI-IX centuries. BC e. Traditionally, it is called Homeric after the legendary blind singer Homer. The main economic unit in the X-IX centuries. BC e. there was a house - "oikos"; but there was no private ownership of land yet. The community members lived in small families, sons inherited land allotments, who received equal shares by lot. Apparently, pastures remained common. Basilei and their relatives owned large cut-off plots - "temens" allocated from common tribal lands. At this time, poor people appeared who worked as farmhands for rich owners. Trade was underdeveloped. There was an exchange of surpluses in the farms of the basilei for overseas goods. Cattle were a common commodity. Trade was associated with robbery and sea robbery. Intertribal wars became more frequent, there was a mixture of the population of different tribes. Gradually, the position of basilei turned into a hereditary position in a certain aristocratic family. The ancient Greeks considered the snowy peak of Mount Olympus to be the home of their gods. Social development of Greece in the XNUMXth-XNUMXth centuries. BC e. was a continuation of the process of widespread formation of an early class society that began at the end of the Homeric era. In Greece, small slave-owning states began to emerge, which were fortified settlements in which collectives of citizens-landowners lived, who jointly defended their common interests. These state formations received from the ancient Greeks the name of policies, that is, city-states. The property stratification of intra-civil collectives is gradually increasing. With the growth of the economic independence of the urban demos, the latter began to more actively seek the power of the aristocracy. The urban demos demanded the issuance of laws protecting its property and trade and religious activities from the abuses of the aristocracy. The ruling landowning group of the tribal aristocracy opposed the urgent reforms. Therefore, the urban and rural demos in the XNUMXth-XNUMXth centuries. BC e. began a decisive struggle for reform. In the XNUMXth-XNUMXth centuries. BC e. In a number of economically developed policies, a new form of state power arose, known in science as the elder, or early, tyranny. The tyrants for the most part came from that group of aristocracy that joined the upper strata of the demos. The older or earlier tyrannies were of short duration. During the time of tyranny, politicians grew up and gained political experience, more consistently defending the interests of the demos. In the same policies, in which, after the overthrow of the power of the aristocracy and the tyranny that followed it, property stratification turned out to be sharp, an oligarchy arose (that is, the power of the few). The Greek cities of Asia Minor, earlier than the policies of Balkan Greece, survived the era of struggle between the aristocracy and the demos and turned into rich trade and craft centers. This was facilitated by their transit geographical position at the junction of the ancient Greek and ancient Eastern worlds. In the XNUMXth-XNUMXth centuries. BC e. Greek colonization took place. Author: Irina Tkachenko
Which countries were originally called the third world? Today, the third world countries are mainly called poor developing states. However, initially the term "Third World" was coined to refer to countries that did not participate in the arms race of the Cold War, that is, they did not belong either to the so-called "First World" (capitalist countries and the NATO bloc), or to the "Second World" (the socialist bloc ). By the end of the Cold War, the "Third World" was dominated by states with low GDP, and the emphasis on the use of the term shifted to this circumstance, although subsequently many Third World countries overtook the "Second World" in their development.
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