Orientation in the mountains. Tourist tips

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Orientation in the mountains. Tourist tips

Tourist tips

Navigate in the mountains difficult, even with a map and compass. When choosing the direction of the route of movement on the map, it should be borne in mind that the distances measured on the map are approximately 8-10% less than in reality on the ground. This difference is explained by the fact that the map shows a projection, and not the actual distance on the ground, and possible deviations from the intended route along the way are not taken into account.

Getting used to walking on the plain, you will not immediately notice that the distances in the mountains seem much longer. This is primarily due to the fact that the speed of movement in mountainous areas is less than in the plains, so take the following table into account when assessing the distance you have traveled in the mountains.

Tilt angle, degree	Speed km / h
Tilt angle, degree	on the rise	on the slopes
5-10	3	4
10 - 15	2,5	3
15 - 20	2	2,5
20-25	1,5	2
25-30	1	1.5

In addition, it should be taken into account that in the mountains the visible distances seem to be shorter.

In the mountains, landmarks are often lost from sight, so try to go on top - it's easier to navigate.

When moving in the mountains, where there are no natural landmarks or it is difficult to choose them, artificial landmarks can be used. They can be broken branches, hacks on trees, exposed milestones, cairns, inscriptions on rocks, objects left on rocks,

When traveling at night, you can roughly navigate by the stars.

Mountain rivers and streams flowing through the valleys serve as good linear landmarks, the noisy flow of the rivers makes it possible to navigate them at night and in fog, when it is impossible to use other local objects, Mountain rivers with a fast flow usually do not freeze, therefore, their role in increases as landmarks in winter

The familiar outlines of mountain peaks can change beyond recognition if you approach the mountains from the other side, from where they were not observed before.

In winter, orientation conditions in the mountains worsen significantly. Many landforms that could serve as good reference points in the summertime are covered with snow and become hardly noticeable. Under these conditions, individual rocks, cliffs, cliffs, where snow does not linger, can be more reliable landmarks, usually they are distinguished by dark spots on a white background.

In spring, on the southern slopes, the snow mass is as if tousled, it forms a kind of bristle. The snow cover comes off the southern slopes of the mountains faster than from the northern ones. On the southern slopes of mountains and hills, the formation of thawed patches occurs the faster, the steeper the slopes. The same thawing can also be observed in the footprints of humans and animals left in the snow. Snow near rocks, large stones, stumps, buildings melts faster on the south side, which is more illuminated by the sun.

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