Why did Londoners believe that the sin of gluttony was the cause of the Great Fire of 1666? Detailed answer

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Why did Londoners believe that the sin of gluttony was the cause of the Great Fire of 1666? Detailed answer

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Why did Londoners believe that the sin of gluttony was the cause of the Great Fire of 1666?

In London, on the corner of Glitspur Street and Cock Lane, there is a small monument "Golden Boy at Pie Corner". This is where the Great Fire of London in 1666 ended. The boy is depicted as chubby, and the verses below him say that the sin of gluttony was the cause of the disaster. Londoners made such a conclusion because the fire started at Padding Lane ("Pudding Street"), and ended here at Pie Corner ("Pie Corner").

Authors: Jimmy Wales, Larry Sanger

Random interesting fact from the Great Encyclopedia:

Why are the stones so different?

Is there a boy all over the world who did not collect pebbles of various shapes and colors at one time? Different in size and color, smooth and rough, reminiscent of precious stones - they just make us collect them!

They look so attractive because they are made up of one or more minerals. It is these minerals that give various stones their beautiful hues, making some of them sparkle like precious stones.

All stones have a different origin. Some stones, called "sedimentary", are composed of sedimentary rocks. This means that many years ago precipitation was formed as a result of the activity of water, wind, ice, plants and animals. The deposition occurred in layers, therefore such rocks and stones are called "layered". The smallest particles that make up the rocks have a rounded shape, as their sharp edges have been worn off when they move in water flows and under the influence of wind. Sandstone and limestone are typical layered rocks.

Other rocks originated from molten matter deep underground. They were brought to the surface of the earth, some of them fell into cracks in other rocks. Such rocks are called "pyrogenic", or of volcanic origin. These include granite and basalt.

The third type of rocks used to have a different shape and structure (volcanic or layered), but changed under the influence of temperatures or high pressure. They are called "metamorphic", they include marble and quartzites.

Some rocks contain metal minerals along with other impurities. If such minerals are sufficient to produce metal, such a rock is called an "ore".

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Plants sense and react to root temperature 23.07.2023

Scientists at the University of Halle-Wittenberg in Germany have found that plant roots have the ability to perceive and respond to soil temperatures independently of the rest of the plant. This discovery highlights that roots not only transmit signals up the stem, but can themselves respond to changes in the environment.

Previously, it was believed that the roots of plants are not able to respond to the environment on their own and exclusively obey the signals coming from the stem. However, new experiments with plants such as the common caterpillar, tomatoes and cabbage, carried out at a controlled temperature increase from 20 to 28 degrees Celsius, disproved these ideas.

As the soil temperature rises, the cells at the ends of the roots begin to divide more actively, which leads to the elongation of the roots. Cutting the stems has no effect on this process. In addition, scientists conducted experiments with genetically modified plants that had a disrupted system for responding to high temperatures in the stem. Even in these "defective" plants, the roots still responded to temperature, confirming their independent reaction.

Biochemical analyzes have shown that as soil temperatures rise, roots begin to produce more of a growth hormone known as auxin. This hormone travels to the root tip, where it stimulates cell division and promotes cell elongation, allowing roots to penetrate cooler, wetter soil layers. "High temperature and drought usually go hand in hand, so it's natural for plants to tend to go deeper, where there's more moisture," explains Prof Quint. It is possible that plants also exchange chemical signals through their roots, communicating changes with neighboring plants.

With an increase in temperature, auxins are also synthesized in the stem, but the reaction of plants to them is completely different. In response to the hormone, plants elongate their cells, making stems and leaves thinner and narrower to minimize moisture loss. Understanding these mechanisms will make it possible to better predict how climate change may affect the plant world, especially agriculture, on which the productivity of crops and, consequently, the food security of mankind depends.

Understanding the mechanisms by which plants respond to temperature changes is of great importance for the development of sustainable agronomic practices and plant varieties that can effectively adapt to climate change. For example, crops with improved ability to perceive and respond to temperature can make more efficient use of available resources such as water and nutrients, which can help reduce the negative impacts of climate change on agriculture.

A closer examination of the relationship between plant roots and temperature will help expand our knowledge of plant physiology and adaptive capacities. This will enable the development of innovative methods of tillage, irrigation management and plant breeding that are resilient to climate change, and contribute to the development of sustainable and productive agriculture in the future.

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