How do Internet users unknowingly help digitize old books? Detailed answer

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How do Internet users unknowingly help digitize old books? Detailed answer

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How do Internet users unknowingly help digitize old books?

On many sites, to confirm that you are a real person and not a robot, you need to solve the so-called "captcha" - for example, to recognize deformed letters in the picture. Among the options for implementing these systems, reCAPTCHA stands out, where the user is prompted to enter two words that are taken from scanned books. One word is easy to read, and it is on it that the check is made, and the second word is much more difficult, and its correctness is not analyzed, since it is not recognized by the automatic scanning system. These words are offered to different people, and then the system accepts the option that is entered most often - in this way, millions of Internet users help computers in digitizing old books.

Authors: Jimmy Wales, Larry Sanger

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Insects make up 80% of the world's living creatures. Yes, this includes plants. And only 10% of them bring some kind of harm to a person: they spread diseases, destroy crops, and finally bite. But even they are involved in maintaining the food webs on Earth. No insects - no birds, amphibians and reptiles that feed on them. Accordingly, predatory reptiles, birds and mammals, which cannot survive without insects, will soon die. No insect pollinators - no plants. And that means all herbivorous creatures, including vegans. It doesn't matter what you eat - everyone will be left without food.

In 1948, the Swiss chemist Paul Müller received the Nobel Prize "for his discovery of the high efficacy of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) as a contact poison." It was the first and only time in history that a scientist received the highest award for discovering a pesticide. But very quickly, scientists became disillusioned with the crude pesticide. On the one hand, he prevented a typhus epidemic in Naples in 1944, and according to WHO statistics, antimalarial campaigns using DDT saved five million lives. But besides this, the pesticide destroyed complex bonds in nature, along with conditionally harmful ones, killed many beneficial insects, including pollinators. It turned out that the poison poisons plants, warm-blooded animals and even humans, but that's a completely different story. Paradoxically, the problem of combating harmful insects turned out to be much more difficult than initially thought, and having killed all the "bad" insects at once, the biosphere as a whole fell down.

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