How did the English word for breakfast gradually come to mean dinner? Detailed answer

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How did the English word for breakfast gradually come to mean dinner? Detailed answer

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How did the English word for breakfast gradually come to mean dinner?

The English word dinner comes from the Old French disner, which means breakfast. Gradually, both in continental Europe and in England, this term began to be called the main meal, which happened around noon, even if the person had already had breakfast before that. In the 18th century, the use of the main course shifts further and further, and dinner can fall as early as 7 pm. At present, the British mean dinner by this word, even if they eat more at lunch.

Authors: Jimmy Wales, Larry Sanger

Random interesting fact from the Great Encyclopedia:

Why are harsh laws or measures sometimes called draconian?

In 621 BC, the Athenian statesman Drakon (Dragon) drew up a code of laws that limited the arbitrariness of the tribal aristocracy (its right to blood feud was abolished, punitive functions were transferred to the Areopagus) and court sentences. However, these same laws provided for severe penalties for infringement on private property (for example, the death penalty for stealing grain and vegetables).

The Draconian laws were softened by Solon in 594 BC, but their exorbitant cruelty remained in the memory of the Greeks for a long time, and the expressions "draconian measures" and "draconian laws" remained in proverbs to this day (and not only in the Greek language).

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Cold for fast heating 19.02.2020

The fastest way to heat some materials is to cool them first. This idea parallels the Mpemba effect, where hot water sometimes freezes faster than cold water.

To reheat a slice of pizza, you're unlikely to want to chill it first, but a theoretical study suggests that cooling as a first step before heating may be the fastest way to reheat some materials.

The concept is similar to the Mpemba effect, which remains incomprehensible to scientists until now, as it is very difficult to reproduce the effect consistently. The new study is "a way to look at effects like the Mpemba effect from a different perspective," says physicist Andrés Santos of the University of Extremadura in Badajoz, Spain, who was not involved in the study.

Physicists Amit Gal and Oren Raz from the Weizmann Institute of Science in Rehovot, Israel, studied a theoretical system called the Ising model, a two-dimensional grid of atoms whose magnetic poles point up or down. In particular, they considered a variant of the Ising model, in which neighboring atoms point their poles in opposite directions. This behavior is called antiferromagnetic. And this system can heat up faster after the pre-cooling phase.

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In the case of the antiferromagnetic Ising model, the researchers considered the property of the overall magnetization created by all the atoms, as well as how many magnets point in opposite directions. Cooling the material can change the relationship between these two properties so that heating will subsequently occur much faster.

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