How much wood do we currently consume? Detailed answer

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How much wood do we currently consume? Detailed answer

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How much wood do we currently consume?

Now one inhabitant of the planet consumes an average of about 30 m of running wood per year in the form of all kinds of wooden products, furniture and for heating. For this, 2,8 billion trees need to be cut down annually. These losses must be replenished by planned planting of young trees.

Author: Mendeleev V.A.

Random interesting fact from the Great Encyclopedia:

How do snails walk?

Perhaps you have seen how a snail moves slowly along the ground, and you wonder how she succeeds if she does not see any legs. The fact is that the entire lower part of the snail's body is a solid "leg"!

This leg has a flat and smooth surface, and it has muscles that allow the snail to glide along the ground. To facilitate its movement, this leg has tiny glands in which a mucous fluid is produced, and the snail literally glides over a wet surface with the help of wave-like movements. This "leg" is downright amazing - a snail can crawl along the edge of the sharpest razor without the slightest damage!

The snail is indeed a remarkable creature in many respects. For example, a snail will never get lost. Instinct will lead her to cover, no matter how far she travels. And with its own weight, not exceeding 15 grams, it is able to drag almost half a kilogram of cargo. Snails are usually of two types: with a shell and without a shell.

The snail living in the shell has a body that fits snugly into all the curves of the shell, and strong muscles allow it to completely hide in the shell in moments of danger. Hiding, she tightly closes the hole in the shell behind herself with a horny disk, which she has on the tip of the shell. Snails live on land or in fresh water.

The snail's tongue resembles a file. There are hundreds of small teeth on it, and the snail cuts and grinds food with them.

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In modern agriculture, technological progress is developing aimed at increasing the efficiency of plant care processes. The innovative Florix flower thinning machine was presented in Italy, designed to optimize the harvesting stage. This tool is equipped with mobile arms, allowing it to be easily adapted to the needs of the garden. The operator can adjust the speed of the thin wires by controlling them from the tractor cab using a joystick. This approach significantly increases the efficiency of the flower thinning process, providing the possibility of individual adjustment to the specific conditions of the garden, as well as the variety and type of fruit grown in it. After testing the Florix machine for two years on various types of fruit, the results were very encouraging. Farmers such as Filiberto Montanari, who has used a Florix machine for several years, have reported a significant reduction in the time and labor required to thin flowers. ... >>

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Random news from the Archive

Plants sense and react to root temperature 23.07.2023

Scientists at the University of Halle-Wittenberg in Germany have found that plant roots have the ability to perceive and respond to soil temperatures independently of the rest of the plant. This discovery highlights that roots not only transmit signals up the stem, but can themselves respond to changes in the environment.

Previously, it was believed that the roots of plants are not able to respond to the environment on their own and exclusively obey the signals coming from the stem. However, new experiments with plants such as the common caterpillar, tomatoes and cabbage, carried out at a controlled temperature increase from 20 to 28 degrees Celsius, disproved these ideas.

As the soil temperature rises, the cells at the ends of the roots begin to divide more actively, which leads to the elongation of the roots. Cutting the stems has no effect on this process. In addition, scientists conducted experiments with genetically modified plants that had a disrupted system for responding to high temperatures in the stem. Even in these "defective" plants, the roots still responded to temperature, confirming their independent reaction.

Biochemical analyzes have shown that as soil temperatures rise, roots begin to produce more of a growth hormone known as auxin. This hormone travels to the root tip, where it stimulates cell division and promotes cell elongation, allowing roots to penetrate cooler, wetter soil layers. "High temperature and drought usually go hand in hand, so it's natural for plants to tend to go deeper, where there's more moisture," explains Prof Quint. It is possible that plants also exchange chemical signals through their roots, communicating changes with neighboring plants.

With an increase in temperature, auxins are also synthesized in the stem, but the reaction of plants to them is completely different. In response to the hormone, plants elongate their cells, making stems and leaves thinner and narrower to minimize moisture loss. Understanding these mechanisms will make it possible to better predict how climate change may affect the plant world, especially agriculture, on which the productivity of crops and, consequently, the food security of mankind depends.

Understanding the mechanisms by which plants respond to temperature changes is of great importance for the development of sustainable agronomic practices and plant varieties that can effectively adapt to climate change. For example, crops with improved ability to perceive and respond to temperature can make more efficient use of available resources such as water and nutrients, which can help reduce the negative impacts of climate change on agriculture.

A closer examination of the relationship between plant roots and temperature will help expand our knowledge of plant physiology and adaptive capacities. This will enable the development of innovative methods of tillage, irrigation management and plant breeding that are resilient to climate change, and contribute to the development of sustainable and productive agriculture in the future.

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