How is scuba gear? Detailed answer

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How is scuba gear? Detailed answer

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How is scuba gear?

Scuba gear is a modern device for deep diving. It allows the diver to breathe underwater without being dependent on the air supply from the ship. The scuba diver carries his own supply of air with him attached to his back. He is a free diver. The compressed air supply is contained in one (or more) steel scuba cylinders. A tube extends from the valve leading to the mouth. It is made in such a way that the diver can hold it with his teeth. The nose is covered with a mask, and the scuba diver breathes through one mouth. With a scuba gear on his back and a special heavy belt to keep him underwater, a person can swim almost as freely as a fish.

When swimming, large flippers on the legs are used to do without the help of the hands being freed, so as to hold the camera or harpoon. If you do not dive to great depths, the scuba diver can stay under water for half an hour or more. But even the most modern scuba gear does not allow a person to go deeper than a hundred meters. At this depth, the gravity of the water column exerts a pressure ten times greater than at the surface. The air in the cylinders is consumed ten times faster, so that even very large cylinders last only a few minutes.

There is another problem associated with diving to very great depths. Compressed air in cylinders, like atmospheric air, consists of four-fifths of nitrogen and only one-fifth of oxygen. We need oxygen to sustain life. Normally, the nitrogen we breathe in is immediately breathed out. But under conditions of increasing air pressure, part of the nitrogen dissolves in the blood and tissues.

When a scuba diver ascends, nitrogen must be removed from his blood and tissues. If it cannot leave the body quickly enough through the lungs, it begins to turn into small bubbles in the body. The bubbles pinch the nerves and clog the blood vessels, and the scuba diver develops decompression sickness, accompanied by terrible pain. As a result of severe cases of decompression sickness, a person can die or remain disabled for life. That is why the scuba diver must rise to the surface very slowly if he was at a depth of sixty to one hundred meters. During the ascent, he must make frequent stops.

Author: Likum A.

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