What makes a hot air balloon rise up? Detailed answer

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What makes a hot air balloon rise up? Detailed answer

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What makes a balloon rise up?

A hot air balloon is the simplest aeronautical apparatus. It usually consists of a light spherical or cylindrical "bag" made of paper, rubber, silk or rubberized material containing hot air, hydrogen or helium inside. A basket, or a gondola, in which passengers and goods are transported, can be attached to the ball using ropes or a net. The ball floats in the air for the same reason a fish swims in water. Each of them displaces from the water or air surrounding them, a mass greater than their own.

As long as the balloon and its gear weigh less than the displaced air, it will rise. If it loses some of the gas that lifts it and its mass increases, it will begin to fall. Hot air, hydrogen or helium is used as the lifting gas because they are all lighter than normal atmospheric air. The released balloon will rise until the weight of the displaced air is equal to its own.

In order to change the flight altitude, the aeronaut must either reduce his lifting forces in order to descend, or reduce his weight in order to ascend. To descend, he must release some gas through a valve at the top of the balloon. To rise higher, he must throw part of the cargo (ballast) overboard. Since neither ballast nor gas can be replenished during flight, it is obvious that the balloonist's ability to control the flight of the balloon is severely limited. At best, it can only rise and fall for a more or less short period of time, depending on the size of the ball.

Rising up, the ball falls into complete dependence on the winds. In flight, the balloon is almost impossible to direct. It can only sail with the wind, and for this reason it is of very little use as a vehicle. These days, hot air balloons are mainly used to explore the upper atmosphere. During the war, they were used as air observation posts, and they also built a kind of air barriers (something like air fences) to protect cities from bomber raids.

Author: Likum A.

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