Soap classification. simple recipes

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FACTORY TECHNOLOGIES AT HOME - SIMPLE RECIPES
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Soap classification. Simple recipes and tips

Factory technologies - simple recipes

Directory / Factory technology at home - simple recipes

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Soap can be divided into two groups: hard and soft. Soaps of the first group, despite the content of even a large amount of water, have hardness and strength and can be molded. Soft soaps, even with the smallest amount of water, are always soft and creamy.

Solid soaps are also called soda soaps and are divided according to their properties and method of preparation into three groups: sound, semi-core and adhesive.

Toilet and medicinal soaps are varieties of hard soaps.

Sound Soaps

Heart soaps are obtained by saponifying with caustic soda mainly solid fats and then salting out the soap to separate it from excess water and glycerin with a solution of sodium chloride or strong lye. The heart soap is collected at the top of the kettle and separated from the so-called soap liquor. Heart soaps contain, on average, about 60% fatty acids.

Semi-core (schweger) soaps

Such soaps are obtained by saponifying fats or oils with caustic soda, with the indispensable addition of coconut or palm kernel oil or their acids.

They have a partly crystalline (core), partly non-crystalline structure, due to which they have a marbled appearance in the section. In this case, their marble is often distinguished by appropriate staining. Semi-core soaps are brewed in two ways. The first method (direct) is that coconut or palm kernel oil is boiled together with other fats: lard, bleached palm oil, bone fat, etc.

The second method (indirect) consists in the fact that from one or more of the listed fats a heart soap is prepared, which is added to a separately brewed glutinous soap from coconut or palm kernel oil.

If fatty acids are used, then soap can also be prepared by carbonate saponification of the method.

Adhesive soaps

When saponifying fats or oils with caustic soda, the resulting soap solution is not salted out, but is poured into molds for solidification. With this method, glycerol and excess alkali are not separated. Adhesive soaps are either smooth or have a partly crystalline and partly non-crystalline structure, in section similar to a marble surface, and therefore they are called marble soaps. Sometimes marbling is distinguished by adding dyes (ultramarine, Frankfurt black, etc.) to the still hot soap.

Toilet soaps

These soaps are made from the finest materials. They are usually painted in different colors, and various odorous substances are added to them to smell.

Medical soaps

These soaps are prepared by mixing various medicinal and disinfecting agents into the basic good soap.

Soft (viburnum soaps)

These soaps are divided into three grades:

smooth transparent soap having various colors and names, such as oil soap, green soap, black soap, liquid glycerin soap, etc.;
soap, which has nucleoli in its main smooth mass, the so-called natural sound soap or liquid sound soap .;
opaque white or yellowish white soap, called smooth oleic soap, silver soap, etc.

Author: Korolev V.A.

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