How were the Hawaiian Islands formed? Detailed answer

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How were the Hawaiian Islands formed? Detailed answer

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How were the Hawaiian Islands formed?

Hawaii is the youngest state in the US. They consist of a group of islands in the Pacific Ocean, approximately 2400 miles southwest of California. The state includes eight large and many small islands and covers an area of approximately 6420 square miles. According to one Hawaiian legend, there was once a goddess of volcanoes named Pele, who created the islands. From time to time it returns to the craters on the islands and starts volcanic eruptions.

Interestingly, the Hawaiian Islands are actually the tops of huge volcanoes rising from the bottom of the ocean. For example, the island of Hawaii ("Big Island"), which is twice as large as all the other islands combined, was formed from five volcanoes, the emissions of which were layered on top of each other. Two of them are still active and continue the process of building the island.

One of these volcanoes, Mauna Loa, erupts every few years. In 1950, it erupted for 23 days and lava flowed into the sea. The water became very hot, and because of this, many fish died.

Another volcano, Mauna Kea, is dormant. It is the highest mountain in the Pacific Ocean. The volcano rises to 4200 meters above sea level, but its base goes to a depth of another 5840 meters. If measured from the underwater base, then this volcano can be considered the highest mountain in the world.

On the island of Maui there is a Haleakala volcano with a height of 3055 meters. It is the largest inactive volcano in the world. Its crater is about 20 miles across and 830 meters deep.

Author: Likum A.

Random interesting fact from the Great Encyclopedia:

What is carbon?

Carbon is a chemical element that is extremely important for any living being. In all the matter that exists on Earth, it accounts for less than one percent, but it is contained in any organism, living or already dead. The body of any living being is built from substances that have carbon in their composition, and the presence of it in a particular place on earth, even in small quantities, may indicate that life once existed there.

Plants extract carbon from carbon dioxide - carbon dioxide - contained in the atmosphere, and use it as a building material for roots, stems and leaves. Animals get it by eating these plants. Both those and others emit it into the air in the form of the same carbon dioxide during breathing, and in the soil it accumulates during the decomposition of the bodies of dead creatures.

Of all the forms of existence of pure carbon, the most famous and perhaps the most valuable for people is coal. It is about 4/5 carbon, and the rest is hydrogen and other elements. The value of coal stems from the chemical properties of carbon, chief among which is that it readily reacts with oxygen. This process occurs when coal is burned in air, and a large amount of thermal energy is released, which can be used for a variety of purposes.

However, carbon in inanimate nature can be found not only in the form of coal. Two other forms of its existence in its pure form, which differ sharply from each other, are graphite and diamond. Graphite is very soft and greasy to the touch. It serves as an excellent lubricant for many mechanisms. And yet, as you know, pencil leads are made from it. In this case, graphite is mixed with clay to reduce its softness. Diamonds, on the other hand, are the hardest substance known to man. They are used to create especially durable cutters, as well as jewelry.

Carbon atoms can form bonds with each other and with atoms of other elements. The result is a huge variety of carbon compounds. One of the simplest is the already mentioned carbon dioxide, which is formed when carbon is burned in oxygen or in air. Carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide, which is toxic to humans and animals, is formed when carbon burns in an atmosphere where there is a lack of oxygen. With great difficulty, carbon reacts with other elements or substances. As a rule, this occurs at a sufficiently high temperature.

Test your knowledge! Did you know...

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