What is meningitis? Detailed answer

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What is meningitis? Detailed answer

Big encyclopedia for children and adults

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What is meningitis?

Meningitis is not a specific disease. This is an inflammation of the meninges. The meninges are the layers of tissue that cover the brain and spinal cord. Although a variety of bacteria can cause this infection, the most common bacteria are called meningococci.

Meningitis can result from injuries and infections of the head, as well as complications from illnesses such as tuberculosis, whooping cough, pneumonia, influenza, and scarlet fever. In most cases, this bacterium enters the body through the throat. Some people can carry this bacterium and not get sick. These people, the so-called carriers, contribute to the spread of the infection.

Children are much more susceptible to this infection. Every five to ten years, an epidemic can occur, in which numerous cases of the disease are noted.

Bacteria first multiply in the blood, resulting in high fever, chills, and a red rash on the skin. Bacteria soon enter the meninges and cause inflammation. When this happens, the head experiences increased pressure, which manifests itself in severe headaches. After that, the neck stiffens. The patient tries to keep it as still as possible, any attempt to bend the neck causes severe pain. The patient often falls into oblivion or even into an unconscious state, he vomits. He may have convulsions, spasms, and body twitches that he has no control over.

To combat this disease, doctors use sulfa drugs and antibiotics. Mortality from this disease has been reduced to 10 percent. Without treatment, about three-quarters of patients would die.

Author: Likum A.

Random interesting fact from the Great Encyclopedia:

Why does a diamond sparkle?

Imagine if diamonds weren't so rare. Imagine if they were inexpensive and anyone could buy them. Would diamonds remain as valuable? Two things could make people still want to own diamonds. The first is that diamond is the hardest substance known to man, so diamonds would still be needed in industry. The second is that diamonds would be just as beautiful and therefore people would enjoy looking at them.

Diamonds are the result of a process that occurs in nature. Millions of years ago, the earth gradually became colder. At that time, there was a mass of hot molten liquid rock underground. This mass was subjected to intense heat and pressure. As a result, the carbon molecules were bonded together into dense, clean crystals. Diamond is just a crystal of pure carbon. When a diamond is found in its "rough" form, its outer surface is rather ugly. Then the person turns it into the sparkling gem we know.

Most diamonds are cut into two pieces and each half is shaped into a round diamond called a diamond. Then small facets are cut on the diamond. The average diamond has 58 or more facets. And these facets make the diamond sparkling. The reason for this is that diamond has a very high reflectivity. This means that when light hits it, the diamond reflects light more strongly than other substances. Light, instead of passing through the diamond, is reflected from it. Therefore, more light is returned to our eyes when we look at a diamond and it looks more sparkling.

The diamond also breaks down light into its constituent colors, which is why the diamond is said to "burn". Did you know that diamonds were not worn as jewelry until 1430, when Agnes Sorel, a Frenchwoman, started the custom?

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