Elimination of the consequences of emergency situations in wartime. OBZhD

BASICS OF SAFE LIFE
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Elimination of the consequences of emergency situations in wartime. Entering formations into the lesion. Fundamentals of safe life

Fundamentals of Safe Life Activities (OBZhD)

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The consequences of exposure to damaging factors during emergencies in peacetime or wartime can be very diverse. ASiDNR in the affected areas will take place in a difficult environment, in conditions of complete and severe destruction, complete blockages, fires, infections and flooding.

Such work is carried out by military units of civil defense, formations of civil defense of all types, as well as in cooperation with army units and units. At the same time, the main efforts are directed to providing assistance to the victims and their evacuation, to localizing or eliminating situations that threaten people's lives, to eliminating damage that impedes the conduct of the A&DNR, and to creating conditions for conducting restoration work. Rescue and emergency work have different content, but must be carried out simultaneously.

Rescue work includes:

1) conducting reconnaissance of routes for the advancement of formations to the areas of work in the focus of destruction assigned to the formation;

2) localization and extinguishing of fires, search for victims and their extraction from rubble, damaged or burning buildings, smoky premises;

3) opening destroyed, littered and damaged protective structures and rescuing people from them, supplying air to them;

4) provision of first aid to the victims and their evacuation to medical institutions;

5) the withdrawal of the population from dangerous places through existing or completed passages;

6) sanitization of people and disinfection of their clothes and shoes, disinfection of the area, equipment and property.

Emergency work includes:

1) laying column tracks;

2) arrangement of passages in rubble and in contaminated areas;

3) localization of accidents on public utilities and technological networks;

4) strengthening or collapse of structures that threaten to collapse or interfere with the safe performance of work;

5) repair or temporary restoration of damaged protective structures for their reuse.

AS&DNR are organized and carried out in the shortest possible time, continuously, under any climatic conditions, day and night until they are fully completed.

Grouping of civil defense forces for the organized conduct of the ASiDNR, it is created in advance by the decision of the corresponding head of the civil defense.

The grouping of civil defense forces includes objective and territorial formations, reconnaissance formations and military units of the civil defense.

В location formations are built by the AP defense for the personnel of the formation, the population and equipment, the possibility of rest, favorable sanitary and epidemic conditions are provided. Conditions must be created for the rapid assembly of the formation, there must be ways for it to advance to the objects of work or the place of assembly, the deployment of radiation and chemical reconnaissance posts, as well as opportunities for logistics.

The formation is put on alert by order of the chief. Full readiness - this is a state of formation in which it is able to start fulfilling the tasks set and successfully complete them in any conditions of the situation.

Nomination of the formation to the lesion focus is carried out as part of a common column of the district defense forces or independently. First of all, tasks are assigned to reconnaissance and formations that are part of the traffic support detachment (OOD).

On the basis of intelligence data, the OOD restores destroyed sections of roads, lays columned tracks bypassing blockages, destruction, fires, zones with high levels of contamination, restores crossings or equips fords, provides passages through blockages, localizes or extinguishes fires, strengthens or collapses structures that threaten to collapse . Thus, the OOD ensures the timely advancement of the civil defense forces to the foci of destruction.

The main forces of the civil defense in this direction are being advanced behind the OOD.

First injected into the lesion intelligence units. Their main goal is to determine the degree of destruction of buildings, protective structures, utility networks, the presence of fires, the level of radiation and the likelihood of contamination with AHOV, places filled with entrances to the ZS GO.

Based on these data, an approximate scope of work, an approximate need for forces and means are established. Particular attention is drawn to the state of OE elements with explosive and flammable substances. Based on reconnaissance data, the subunits distribute areas of work in the focus of destruction, commanders determine the sequence, methods and methods for performing AS&DNR, depending on the situation, the nature of destruction, damage to utility and energy and technological networks, levels and densities of infection, the nature and intensity of fires.

To extract people from under the blockage, they use the dismantling of the blockage from above, the construction of galleries, and the punching of openings in the wall. First of all, the head and chest, shoulders, legs of the victim are released, then they provide him with medical care and take him out of the danger zone.

The main way to localize accidents and damages in public utilities and technological networks is to turn off damaged sections in buildings. The work must be carried out by trained professionals.

Structures that threaten to collapse are collapsed or temporarily strengthened.

In the focus of chemical damage, first of all, assistance is provided to people who are left in the open area without protective equipment and are affected. Then they are distributed into groups and evacuated from the outbreak to medical facilities. The center of chemical damage is cordoned off and the combined team of PR and PCP disinfects the area, transport, buildings, as well as sanitizes people.

Rescuers should be trained in how to put gas masks on the injured, especially children, and how to use antidotes.

After a shift, completion of the A&DNR or a set of a given dose of radiation, the rescuers as part of the formation are sent to special processing points, which are deployed in uncontaminated areas that meet regulatory requirements.

The duration of one shift is limited to a certain time due to physical fatigue, the need to eat and rest.

After decontamination at the point of special processing (PuSO), the readiness of the formation to perform new tasks is restored.

Authors: Ivanyukov M.I., Alekseev V.S.

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