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BIG ENCYCLOPEDIA FOR CHILDREN AND ADULTS
Who is Homer? Detailed answer
Directory / Big encyclopedia. Questions for quiz and self-education Did you know? Who is Homer? Among the many works in ancient Greek literature, two poems stand out - the Iliad and the Odyssey. Many people consider them generally the most outstanding masterpieces of world literature. For a long time it was believed that they were written by a man named Homer, a blind poet who lived in Kios in Asia Minor. However, today most scholars doubt that Homer or any other person could have written such works alone. No one knows how these poems came into being, so researchers are only guessing about this. It is known that in ancient Greece, many poets traveled from city to city. They entertained rulers, nobles and commoners by reading poems composed by themselves or other authors. One of the favorite themes of their work was the Trojan War. Each poet in his own way spoke about this grandiose event for the ancient Greeks. However, at that time, perhaps, there was still no written language and it was impossible to write down poems. So they were learned by heart and passed from mouth to mouth. Then, around 800 B.C. e., a certain great poet appeared. Perhaps it was Homer, or perhaps someone else. He collected together the old poetic stories about the Trojan War and created the poem "Iliad". It bears this name because of the other name of the city of Troy - Iliad. A little later, the Odyssey saw the light in the same way. It is quite possible that its final version does not belong to the author of the Iliad, but to someone else. Be that as it may, these two poems were so superior to all the others on the same topic that they were learned by almost all the poets who wandered around Greece, and spread them around the country. Author: Likum A.
Where is Santa Claus from? Depending on your age, there are likely to be three answers: from the North Pole, from Lapland, and from Coca-Cola. None of these answers are correct: Santa, like Saint George, is a Turk. St. Nicholas - the real Santa - lived and worked miracles in Southwestern Turkey, where today the sun-dried city of Kemer stands. The most famous of his miracles are usually associated with children. According to one of the legends, St. Nicholas brought back to life three children, chopped up by a local innkeeper and kept in a barrel of brine. His kindness to children fully explains why St. Nicholas approaches the image of a Christmas saint in such a way, but at the same time he is the patron saint of judges, usurers, thieves, merchants, bakers, sailors and, oddly enough, murderers. Italian sailors stole the myrrh-working relics of Saint Nicholas in 1087. The Turks are still demanding their return. In the rest of Europe, the kind and merciful Saint Nicholas has merged with older and darker mythological figures. For example, in East Germany he is known as Shaggy Goat, Scavenger or Rider. In Holland, this is Zankta Klaus (in Dutch - Sinterklass), who is served by the "Black Peters". "Coca-Cola" Jolly Santa existed long before Haddon Sundblom created the world-famous advertising images of the 1930s. His illustrations, like those of Thomas Nast in the 1860s, were based on the New Yorker Clement Clark Moore's poem "The Visit of Saint Nicholas" (1823) (better known as "Christmas on the Doorstep"). It is unlikely that Moore was the author of the rhyme - he still taught at the seminary and was an expert on dead (including Hebrew) languages - but his importance for inflating the myth of Santa cannot be overestimated. The action in the poem is moved to Christmas Eve, and instead of the stern Saint Nicholas, there appears a little elf with a white beard and a playful twinkle in his eyes, as well as a red fur coat with a fur trim, reindeer with funny names, a sleigh descending directly onto the roof - and full of toys bag. "Christmas on the Doorstep" became the most popular nursery rhyme of all time. It's hard to say at what stage the North Pole and the elf factory stuck to history, but by 1927 the version was so firmly established that it allowed the Finns to claim Santa's place of residence. According to them, Santa does not live anywhere, but in Lapland, since not a single reindeer could survive at the North Pole due to the lack of lichen there. The official post office of Site-Klaus is located in the city of Rovaniemi, the capital of Lapland. Every year he receives 600 thousand letters. As if in retaliation for secular success, the Vatican in 1969 downgraded the status of St. Nicholas Day (December 6), declaring it not obligatory for observance.
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