How did people discover the laws of heredity? Detailed answer

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How did people discover the laws of heredity? Detailed answer

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How did people discover the laws of heredity?

Every living being on our planet, be it an animal or a plant, produces offspring only of the same species to which it belongs. This happens precisely because of the operation of the laws of heredity. The foregoing does not mean at all that the offspring of two parents must necessarily resemble them in appearance, physical or mental development. These differences also follow from the laws of heredity. Each creature differs from others in an individual set of traits - signs of hereditary and acquired.

Hereditary traits are those that are formed in a given individual at the very moment when her life is born, and their source is within herself. The science of genetics deals with the study of all issues related to heredity. It began thanks to the work of the Austrian monk and scientist Gregor Mendel, who lived in the middle of the XNUMXth century.

In his garden, Mendel experimented on heredity in sweet peas. He found that a number of different factors affect in some way which offspring grow from seeds obtained from mature plants. At the time, however, Mendel could not establish the true nature of these factors. This was done by his followers, who called them genes.

Recognition of the truth of Mendel's teaching did not happen immediately. It was not until 1900, sixteen years after his death, that other scientists realized the importance of his discoveries. The rules formulated on the basis of these discoveries are called Mendel's laws.

Author: Likum A.

Random interesting fact from the Great Encyclopedia:

What is a bloodhound?

Bloodhound is, of course, a breed of dog. But how was it brought out? Where did it come from? The history of the dog in general began hundreds of thousands of years ago. Some scientists believe that dogs appeared as a result of crossing close relatives - wolves and jackals. However, it is generally accepted that our current dogs and wolves come from the same, very distant ancestor.

Over the years, while the dog lives next to the person, more than 200 dog breeds have been bred. Some breeds, such as the mastiff, were bred for their strength, such as the greyhounds, for speed, and the bloodhound was valued for its sensitivity to odors.

The bloodhound is typical of dog breeds that are smooth-haired. Perhaps they are descendants of the dog that was once called "Sant Hubert".

Smooth-haired dogs are distinguished by smooth coat, massiveness, drooping ears and upper lips. Like all hunting dogs, bloodhounds follow prey by smell - they do this better than dogs of any other breeds. They are slow but persistent, and if they lose their scent, they return and look for a trace until they find it again.

These two qualities - their sense of smell and perseverance - make the bloodhounds an ideal breed for tracking down criminals on the run and for other police duties.

There are other interesting breeds of hunting dogs. For example, otter hunting dogs, hounds, beagles and bassets are smaller than bloodhounds and are used to hunt small game such as rabbits. Pointer is one of the best bird hunters. It got its name from the English word "point", because it "points" to game.

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Beetles are the most tenacious creatures 27.03.2015

Scientists from Colorado State University (USA) found that beetles were not only the largest group among insects and living beings in general (there are almost 400 species), but also the most capable of surviving subjects.

As a rule, entomologists focus on the emergence of new species, but extinction is no less important for understanding the history of animals. Paleontologists examined more than 5500 beetle fossils, representing the entire history of the order, starting from the Permian period (284 million years ago) and collected around the world.

It turned out that over hundreds of millions of years, only 35 beetle families out of 214 had died out, and in the largest order of beetles, Polyphaga (90% of all known species), there were no extinct families at all: they survived both the mass Permian and Cretaceous-Paleogene extinctions.

Although other groups of insects may well prove equally resistant to extinction, scientists cite the ability to quickly adapt to a wide variety of climatic conditions, as well as the incredible flexibility of their diet, among the reasons for such outstanding success of beetles.

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