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BIG ENCYCLOPEDIA FOR CHILDREN AND ADULTS
What is a banyan tree? Detailed answer
Directory / Big encyclopedia. Questions for quiz and self-education Did you know? What is a banyan? Banyan is one of the giant trees. As you know, in nature, all creatures of large size experience many inconveniences as a result, and trees are by no means exceptions. For example, trees that are too thick have the problem of lifting moisture and nutrients from the roots to the top. In addition, their trunks must be very strong, straight and not very high, so as not to break. Such a tree must have a broad base capable of supporting the weight of the spreading crown, and if the branches become too long and heavy, the trunk may lean to one side or the other and eventually fall. All these and some other problems of the banyan - a giant tree growing in India and Malaysia - managed to be solved in a very curious way. The most unusual thing about this tree is how its branches grow. Numerous and heavy, they scatter in all directions from the trunk, though powerful, but nonetheless unable to bear their weight on its own. The whole trick is that the branches themselves remove part of the load from it. On each of them there are thick shoots hanging down sheer to the ground and representing something other than the aerial roots of a banyan tree! Short at first, these shoots grow longer every year until they finally reach the ground. Having fixed in it, they not only provide the branches with additional support, but also supply nutrients and water to them. Gradually, they turn into new trunks, and as a result it turns out that the banyan grows not so much in height as in width. In the end, ring-shaped "galleries" are formed around the main shaft, the diameter of which sometimes reaches 450 meters. Interestingly, these "galleries", which provide a safe shelter from the weather, are often used by local residents as convenient places for bazaar trade and meetings and other social events. In addition, smooth aerial roots are very useful when there is a need for long, even poles, and strong ropes are woven from their fibers. Despite the gigantic size of the banyan, its fruits are very small berries of bright red color. People do not eat them, but for birds and night mice they are a great delicacy. Author: Likum A.
What is rhino horn made of? Contrary to what some of you might think, rhino horn is not hair at all. It is made up of extremely thin, tightly woven fibers of a horny substance called keratin. Keratin is a protein found in human hair and nails, as well as animal claws and hooves, bird feathers, porcupine quills, and the shells of armadillos and turtles. The rhinoceros is the only animal whose horn is completely composed of keratin, unlike the horns of livestock, rams, antelopes and giraffes, there is no horn core inside the rhinoceros horn. From the skull of a dead rhinoceros, you would not even guess that a horn was once present here during the life of the beast, the horn is securely attached to a rough outgrowth on the skin above the nasal bone. If you cut off or damage the horn of a rhino, it literally unwinds, but in young individuals it can grow back. No one knows what its real function is, although females whose horn has been removed, for some reason, completely stop looking after their offspring. Rhinos are endangered, and this is primarily due to the huge demand for their horns. African rhinoceros horn is highly prized in the Middle East, especially in Yemen, both for medical reasons and for traditional dagger hilts. Since 1970, 67 kg of rhinoceros horns have been imported into Yemen. With an average weight of 050 kg per horn, this means that 3 rhinos were killed. Mankind cannot get rid of the misconception that rhinoceros horn is a powerful aphrodisiac. Chinese herbalists tell us that this is not the case, that the effect of the horn is more cooling than warming, and that it is generally used in the treatment of high blood pressure and fever. The name rhinoceros (Rhinoceros) comes from two Greek words: rhino ("nose") and keras ("horn"). Today, there are five species of rhinoceros in the world: black, white, Indian, Javanese and Sumatran. Of the Javanese, only sixty individuals survived. This is the fourth most endangered species - after the Chinese lake dolphin from the Yangtze River, the marmot from Vancouver Island and the case-tailed (or bag-winged) bat that lives in the Seychelles. The white rhino is not white at all. The word white is actually a corruption of weit, which means "wide" in Afrikaans. This definition refers to the animal's mouth rather than to the volume of its chest, since, unlike black individuals, whites lack the movable lips normally used to eat tree branches. Any rhinoceros has an excellent sense of smell and hearing, but vision is just a nightmare. Rhinos usually live alone and converge only for mating. If caught off guard, a rhinoceros will urinate and defecate profusely. When attacking, the Asian rhinoceros bites the African attacks, rushing forward. The black rhinoceros, despite its short legs, can run at a speed of 55 km/h.
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