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BIG ENCYCLOPEDIA FOR CHILDREN AND ADULTS
How do plants eat? Detailed answer
Directory / Big encyclopedia. Questions for quiz and self-education Did you know? How do plants eat? Oddly enough, it will sound, but plants have their own "factories" for the production of food. These "factories" are green leaves. We all know that both peaches and apples taste sweet, which means that they contain sugar. Where does it come from? It is produced by the leaves of a peach or apple tree, which draws the products necessary for this from the soil and air. One of the components - carbon dioxide - the leaves independently absorb from the air. The other is moisture - the roots of the tree are extracted from the soil. These two substances are enough for plants to produce sugar. It should be noted that the process of synthesizing food takes place in the leaves only under the influence of sunlight and therefore received the name photosynthesis. "Photo" in Greek means "light". Many plants, however, as we know, do not have sweet fruit or juice. This does not mean that their leaves do not produce sugar, but that it is converted too quickly into unsweetened starch or protein. Of course, plant food factories, just like any other, require machines. In the leaves, small green bodies - chloroplasts - act as machines. Their color is due to the high content of green matter - chlorophyll. The energy that drives the "machines" is supplied by the sun. In general, the food production process proceeds as follows. Plant roots take moisture from the soil. Water rises along them and further along the stem and branches until it enters the vessels on the leaves. Then it spreads over them and, hitting each cell, gets to the chloroplast. Along with water, the leaves also receive food that was previously produced by the plants themselves, but did not get into the places of accumulation of nutrients: roots, fruits and seeds. At the same time, the leaves absorb air containing carbon dioxide. Between this gas and water in chloroplasts, under the influence of sunlight, a chemical reaction occurs and starch or sugar is formed. Following this, the resulting nutrients are carried through the same vessels throughout the plant's body. In addition, the leaves have to get rid of unnecessary substances and waste products absorbed in the process of creating food. Therefore, the remaining unused most of the air, enriched with the same oxygen produced during photosynthesis, is released into the atmosphere through stomata - small holes between the cells on the underside of the leaf. Author: Likum A.
What is anxiety neurosis? Have you ever known people who were afraid of heights or closed spaces? There are people who are afraid of the crowd or afraid that they will be touched by others. There is a name for such behavior - "the reaction of fear neurosis", and we say that such a person has a fear neurosis, or phobia. Is there something wrong with these people? They are sick? No, but they're suffering from some kind of nervous breakdown. Something that scared or upset them a lot in the past. Such people seek to deal with this disorder (it can be called "emotional pain") in the same way that we try to get rid of physical pain. We all react to emotional upsets: crying, blushing, sweating. But some people who feel this emotional stress more strongly and whose strength of resistance is weaker react to these stresses in unusual ways. This reaction is called neurotic. It can develop into a phobia, a fear neurosis, which manifests itself in the fear of certain things: heights or enclosed spaces. Interestingly, a phobia arises over circumstances that are fairly easy to avoid. Indeed, no one forces people to climb high places or remain alone in enclosed spaces. And the more he avoids them, the better he feels. But why do some people, for example, have a fear of heights? The fact is that such a person is afraid of something else or was scared of something when he was a child. This may be the father whom he loved and feared at the same time, but did not even want to admit the thought that he was afraid of his father. Therefore, there was a fear of heights, which was associated with the image of the father. It all seems very difficult, doesn't it? But a living person and his behavior is a very difficult question!
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