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BIG ENCYCLOPEDIA FOR CHILDREN AND ADULTS
How did the cards get their names? Detailed answer
Directory / Big encyclopedia. Questions for quiz and self-education Did you know? How did the cards get their names? Various suggestions have been made about the invention of playing cards. Some claim that they first appeared in Egypt, others prefer Arabs, Hindus or Chinese. We know that originally playing cards were used to predict the future and were associated with religious symbols. Ancient Hindu cards, for example, had 10 suits representing the 10 incarnations of the god Vishnu. The game of cards was probably brought to Europe in the 22th century. We can trace the beginnings of modern playing cards to certain cards that existed in Italy. They were called tarotam, or drawn cards, and there were 22 of them in total. They were used for divination or just for games. These 56 picture cards were combined with 78 number cards to make a deck of 4 cards. One of the tarot cards was called "jester", from which the "joker" originated. This deck had XNUMX suits representing the cup (goblet), sword, money and wand. There were also 4 "court" cards: king, queen, jack and ace. From the Italian deck of 56 cards they moved to the French of 52; The French deck included a king, queen, jack and 10 numbered cards, 4 of each suit. The suits were also given new names: spades, hearts, diamonds, clubs. The English adopted this deck, which we still use today. The first European maps were handmade and therefore too expensive for general use. With the invention of printing, it became possible for most people to have their own playing cards. Early cards were either square, or elongated, or even round. But today their usual size is from 89 mm to 63,5 or 57 mm. A lot of effort has gone into putting national heroes or current events on maps. But it was generally seen as an innovation. Figures on American and English maps wear clothes from the times of Henry VII and Henry VIII. Author: Likum A.
What was the difference between the god of war Ares and the goddess of war Athena? In Greek mythology, Ares is the god of insidious and perfidious war, war for the sake of war. The only son of Zeus and his lawful wife Hera, Ares had the disposition of a violent, cruel and boastful warrior, but he was one of the twelve great Olympic gods. Among the immortals, no one loved him, except for the goddess of discord Eris and the goddess of love Aphrodite, who had an irresistible passion for him, and the greedy Hades, the ruler of the kingdom of the dead, who liked it when brave young warriors killed each other in fierce battles. Zeus called Ares the most hated of the gods, and if he were not his son, he would have sent him to Tartarus long ago, even deeper than all the children of Uranus. The only real pleasure for Ares was a bloody battle. He almost never gave preference to any of the warring parties and, according to his mood, he fought first for one, then for the other, experiencing joy at the sight of people killing each other and plundered cities. Accompanied by his terrible twin sons Deimos and Phobos and bloodthirsty daughter Enyo, he rushed across the battlefield, raising the morale of the warriors. However, Ares didn't always win. Once, the giant brothers Ot and Ephialtes captured him and kept him for thirteen months in a bronze vessel, from which Hermes rescued him half-dead. During the battle for Pylos, Hercules drove his spear into Ares' thigh, and he, suffering from pain, fled to Olympus, where Apollo cured his wound within an hour. After that, Ares again rushed into battle and fought until the arrow of Hercules pierced his shoulder and he considered it best to leave the battlefield. When Kykn, the son of Ares, challenged Hercules to a duel, Ares entered the battle on the side of his son. Having received a wound in the thigh, he fell to the ground. Hercules was ready to strike again, but Zeus separated the fighters. Ares was twice defeated in battles by Athena, who was also one of the twelve great Olympic gods, the goddess of wisdom and just war, who surpassed Ares in tactics and strategy. The patroness of military art and true military courage, the powerful and terrible Athena took an active part in the fight against the titans and giants. Together with Hercules, she killed one of the giants, heaped the island of Sicily on another, tore off the skin from the third and covered her body with it for the duration of the battle. Being the goddess of war, she nevertheless did not experience the joy in battles, like Ares or Eris, preferring to resolve disputes and establish the law peacefully. In peaceful days, she did not carry a weapon, and when she needed it, she took it from Zeus. Athena was famous for her kindness: when in the Areopagus, during the trial of the accused, the judges disagreed, she always cast her vote in favor of the accused. However, having entered the battle, she was never defeated.
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