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BIG ENCYCLOPEDIA FOR CHILDREN AND ADULTS
What is poliomyelitis? Detailed answer
Directory / Big encyclopedia. Questions for quiz and self-education Did you know? What is poliomyelitis? Poliomyelitis is one of the most dangerous diseases, which is the cause of many discussions. In fact, the danger of polio is commensurate with the damage it causes. Poliomyelitis is the name for childhood paralysis. The disease may have the character of epidemic outbreaks, but only isolated cases are currently recorded. People of all ages are susceptible to polio, but the disease is more common in children under 7 years of age. Of the large number of people diagnosed with polio, few are seriously ill. The most common type of polio has a latent painless period of 1-2 days. Headache, fever, throat irritation, indigestion occur, but no paralysis. There is at least a chance in 100 that a doctor will diagnose a serious form of polio. Among the identified cases of polio, half of patients recover completely, 30% have moderate consequences, 14% have more severe paralysis, and 6% may die. There is only one chance in 156 of catching polio in the first 20 years of life. Poliomyelitis is caused by three different viruses. A virus is a pathogen so small that it can pass through filters that trap bacteria. A virus can only live in living cells. When the polio virus enters the body, it travels through nerves and blood to the spinal cord and brain. The virus develops in the cells of the gray matter of the spinal cord. These nerve cells then swell and change. After these destructive changes, the muscles controlled by the affected part of the nervous system are paralyzed. If the cells recover, the muscles can move again. But if the virus kills the nerve cells, then the muscles connected to those cells are paralyzed forever. There are several types of poliomyelitis. It depends on the part of the body affected by the infection. Spinal poliomyelitis affects the cells of the spinal cord. Bulbar polio affects part of the brain and can paralyze the respiratory muscles. Many lives have been saved thanks to the "iron lungs", which mechanically perform the respiratory actions of the patient. Today, everyone can be sure that the threat of polio is eliminated. Dr. Jonas Salk has developed a vaccine that has protected millions of people from polio infection. It was one of the greatest medical discoveries that stood up to protect the health of people and the security of the world. Author: Likum A.
Who Invented Sign Language? Our life is replete with cruelty towards those whose illness the environment is not able to understand. For example, for many centuries the deaf and dumb were considered dangerous to society. In many countries they were considered abnormal and placed in mental hospitals, and often killed. In the XNUMXth century, a man appeared who wanted to at least somehow help these unfortunate people. It was the Italian doctor Jerome Cardan, who believed that the deaf and dumb could be taught to use special signs. His work attracted great interest, and during the XNUMXth century an alphabet for the deaf and dumb was created, which has been preserved to this day. However, it took another century for the first school for the deaf and dumb to be opened in Leipzig, Germany. Nowadays in every civilized country of the world there are educational institutions for the deaf and hard of hearing. Many can name among their environment people who are completely deaf, who do not know what the sense of hearing is. We are talking only about those who were born without hearing or lost it before they learned to speak. The causes of hearing loss are different. These may be certain diseases, severe head injuries, or certain inner ear defects. Why can't deaf people speak? Almost always the reason here is that they have never heard human speech! It is known that almost all deaf children with normal mental abilities can learn to speak if they are taught in a special way. There are cases when 70-year-old elders learned to convey their own and recognize the thoughts of others quite adequately through gestures, facial expressions and the alphabet for the deaf and dumb. Some patients can thus "talk" at a rate of 130 words per minute. Of course, they are largely dependent on sign language. For example, the index finger across the lips means: "You are telling me a lie." Light tapping on the cheek with three fingers translates as "My uncle." Currently, the deaf are learning to understand what is said and to speak. This is achieved by observing the articulation of the lips of the interlocutor, the ability to notice and even feel the lips, the vocal apparatus of the teacher, followed by the reproduction of the movements seen.
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