What is an antibody? Detailed answer

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What is an antibody? Detailed answer

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What is an antibody?

The bacterium is the most widespread living thing in the world. Everything we touch, every breath of air contains millions of bacteria. About 80% of all bacteria are harmless. A small part is really good for us, and a small group is bad for our body. Obviously, our body and bacteria coexist with each other.

The body contains colonies of bacteria, and bacteria in turn perform useful functions, such as digesting food. And what happens to the harmful bacteria that enters our body? For example, the bacterium that causes diphtheria produces a powerful poison called "diphtheria toxin". This toxin is distributed through the nervous system.

Other less lethal bacteria also release poisons into our bloodstream. When this happens, the body produces a substance to fight these poisons. These substances are called antibodies. Specific antibodies developed to fight bacterial poisons are known as antitoxins. They can neutralize and neutralize toxins when combined with them.

Each antibody is specific to the toxin that causes that antibody to appear. This is so if the body has large protective forces. As soon as a dangerous stranger enters the body, he is met by a policeman and moves with him before he becomes harmless. But the body does not produce enough antibodies to fight all kinds of bacteria that enter our body. Doctors then inoculate a serum containing antitoxins against many diseases.

Author: Likum A.

Random interesting fact from the Great Encyclopedia:

Why is the cloth on most billiard tables green?

Billiards evolved from outdoor games with sticks and balls and is somewhat related to golf and croquet. Therefore, in tribute to tradition, the cloth on most billiard tables is green, like the color of the grass.

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Seagate was able to increase the data density in the hard drive by 55% - up to 1 Tbps per square inch. It is expected that the new technology within the next 10 years will make it possible to create hard drives with a capacity of up to 60 TB. Seagate Technology, the world's largest magnetic storage maker, has announced that it has achieved a data density of 1 Tbit (1 trillion bits) per square inch of hard drive platter. Seagate claims to be the first in the market to reach this milestone and reports that the 1 trillion bits that the company's new technology can record per 1 square inch is significantly more than the stars in our galaxy, the number of which ranges from 200 to 400 billion .

It was possible to increase the density of data recording due to the transition to a new generation technology called thermally assisted magnetic recording (HAMR), Seagate said. This technology opens up new perspectives in the traditional hard drive market. The company claims that on its basis over the next 10 years it will be possible to create hard drives with a capacity of up to 60 TB. The current-generation technology used in today's hard drives, called Perpendicular Magnetic Recording (PMR), will reach the 1TB per square inch limit within the next few years, after which it will no longer be developed, Seagate stressed.

PMR technology, in turn, has replaced the longitudinal recording technology that has been used since the inception of the personal magnetic storage market in 1956. Today, PRM offers a recording density of 620 Gbps per square inch. Thus, already now HAMR technology offers a 55% increase in density. The company said that the new technology solves the problem of data distortion, which occurs in current generation technology due to the fact that the cell size becomes too small.

The capacity of modern hard drives with a recording density of 620 Gb per square inch is 3 TB in the case of a 3,5-inch form factor and 750 GB in the case of a 2,5-inch one. HAMR technology already at the initial stage will make it possible to create hard drives with a capacity of 6 and 2 TB, respectively. The maximum theoretical density when using HAMR is 5-20 Tbps per square inch. This is equivalent to a 3,5-30TB 60" HDD and a 2,5-10TB 20" HDD.

"The development of social networks, search technologies, cloud computing, the growth of multimedia content and other areas force us to look for new ways to increase capacity," commented Mark Re, Seagate's senior vice president of engineering. "Innovations such as HAMR, will play a key role in the further development of the information industry."

Note that the magnetic storage market is going through hard times. It was hit by floods in Thailand last year, which led to a shortage of hard drives and reduced shipments of personal computers to the global market. In addition, manufacturers are under increasing competitive pressure from flash memory. In August 2011, major vendors formed an alliance to shape the future of the hard drive industry.

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